Military science refers to the study of the military skills, institutions, processes, behavior, the application and use of coercive forces where applicable. Military science focuses on method, theory, and ways of producing military abilities in a way consistent with a country’s defense policy. Many nations never had military science before World War I. Although military personnel did some planning before the war, there was no well-structured manner of conducting military science studies. The main aim of military science is to get the sophisticated military knowledge to enable the soldiers to execute their mission strategically and win. Military science is responsible for the identification of political, social, strategic, technological, psychological and tactical aspects which give the military a relative advantage. There are various military scientists like theorists, experimental scientists, and other military specialists. The military men and women receive training, weapons and other studies to achieve a particular strategic set goal. In the military currently, the military personnel must have proper training and studies to attain success. The technological advancements being unfolded every day are very crucial to military personnel. In the 21st century, an army cannot afford to lack scientists as asserted by Lavoy (2003). Scientists avail very vital information which affects decision making and activities of the military troop. Military science is concerned with who will get engaged in which task to deliver the strategic goal of the military. The various levels of training among the military personnel determine the deployment of the officers in the various military duties. Despite some people arguing that military science is not very critical to militaries, there is evidence that military science shapes the operations of a military troop and enhance success.
Military Concepts
The capability development among military personnel depends on the concepts which define the usage of weapons, armed officers, and the military equipment. It also determines the strategies used in a particular war setting or combat environment. Throughout history, military strategy, goals, and tactics have remained the same ( Peng, 2005 ). The study of military history shows that military personnel try as much as possible to avoid some past mistakes and capitalize on those lessons they managed to learn.
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Military Doctrines and strategy
Military strategy refers to the specific events of combat like planning and ways of reducing mistakes. It also involves taking advantage of the weaknesses of the opponents. It also governs all the activities which take place on the battlefield. There two mainly used systems by the military in the field today. There is the Western style and the Russia style. The western style is where the soldiers speak broadly while in the field to communicate. Russia style is different. It uses personal observation and study.
Western military doctrine uses technology widely and adequately trained soldiers. They also have a complex information processing and disseminating system which their opponents cannot match. The advantage is that they manage to dismantle their opponent’s communication using high technology. This strategy makes the opponents lack good flow of communication and commands hence the confusion. According to Lavoy (2003), w hen the troop is not getting commands from their leader, it becomes easy to attack it. Its demerits are that it can only be operated by an expert; the technology is also very costly. The personnel who work on the technology are not easily replaceable, and it requires complex logistical training of the staff. The Soviet military doctrine uses huge masses of machines and troops. They also use a small number of very well educated corps. The Russian strategy also relies on pre-planned targets. The advantage of the Russian Military strategy is that is usually under strong central control. It does not require sophisticated systems and technology. The disadvantage is that their system is inflexible and does not allow for quick response in case of unexpected loss.
Military Intelligence
Military intelligence refers to the ability of the army commanders to make informed decisions concerning the military strategic goals. The commanders are expected to make intelligent decisions after analyzing the available data. Intelligence activities are conducted in all aspects ranging from tactical element to the strategic element. Many militaries have an intelligence unit which is in charge of analyzing data and information and finally advising other military groups accordingly. The officers selected to serve in intelligence units are chosen based on their intelligence and analytical skills to receive military intelligence training. Military intelligence is responsible for identifying security threats and advice the personnel on the most suitable weapons to be used to accomplish a particular mission. The military intelligence officers majorly advise the military troops on the way forward ( Lavoy, 2003). The information is used to make critical decisions about attacks and military coordination of activities.
Military technology
Technology in the military is not just the study of the various technologies and sciences with the aim of building an active military. It also involves the technology used to manufacture the military equipment as well and the multiple ways in which the military can improve its performance. For example, the technology applied by Nazi to make their artificial rubber and own fuel to prevent over-dependence on imported oil. The application of Military technology is unique. The uniqueness of military technology compels it to focus on evolutionary and revolutionary technology advancements to fit in the proper field of military application.
Military science is very vital to the operations of every military. Use of military science techniques can determine the strength of an army. Militaries should make sure that they incorporate well structured military science approaches for better performance and results. Governments should also create good military science schools for the military officers to get good intelligence skills and military science skills. Technology should never be ignored in the military in this 21st century because technology use is essential. Armies should stay updated with all new technologies in the market and use it to their advantage.
References
Lavoy, P. R. (2003). The enduring effects of atoms for peace. Arms Control Today , 33 (10), 26.
Peng, G., & Yao, Y. (Eds.). (2005). The science of military strategy . Military Science Publishing House.
