The differences between Hall's Concept of Monochronic and Polychronic Time
According to Hall, the monochronic concept of times places more emphasis on attending to tasks in an order that ensures the tasks are handled one after the other. Cultures that uphold monochronic time perceptions practice strict adherence to programmed events other than impromptu occurrences (Ikuesan et al., 2019). The polychronic notion of time appreciates multitasking and has no regard for strict schedules. Cultures that practice the polychronic ideology of time place emphasize on the relational part of interaction other than diaries.
Ways in Which both Monochronism and Polychronism Manifest in My Culture
One of the manifestations of manonchronic and polychronic notions of time is the differences displayed in observance of schedules in my culture. The British citizens in my culture are often offended when they attend interviews in organizations owned and operated by Chinese (Hoffmann et al., 2017). The British and Canadian citizens seeking job opportunities in Chinese firms get infuriated by delays in the interview schedule.
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Another manifestation of the two concepts of time in my culture is through the perennial disputes in organizations resulting from the lateness of employees. In my organization, I have had many episodes of my American supervisor infuriated by his Chinese driver over issues of lateness in work. The boss argues that time is important while the Chinese driver insists that he had to take his daughter to school before reporting to work. Differences in managerial priorities in my culture depict monochronic and polychronic notions of time (Hoffmann et al., 2017). While the Briton branch manager in my organization insists on an increased productivity index, my immediate African supervisor insists o credible customer feedback.
Ways in Which Differences in Time Orientation Impact Communication in an Intercultural Context
Variations in time orientation cause misunderstanding between communicators as each feels that his/her priorities are not respected. The phenomenon results in a quick collapse of the communication process as the frustrated communicators perceive the communication process worthless (Manrai et al., 2019). Differences in time orientation result in pursuance of different objectives in the process of communication and therefore resulting in the disparity in opinions and priorities, which results in a collapse in the communication process.
Beliefs that are Important in the Social my Community
One of the prominent beliefs is that "time is money". This connotation on the concept of time aligns with the monochronic concept of time. The belief values time as a resource that can spared wasted, or capitalized. This belief views time as a scarce resource. Another belief that is dominant in my culture is that deadlines come first before sidelines. Many people from my culture subscribe to this belief as they perceive objectivity on goals as the only worth commitment of time (Manrai et al., 2019).Moreover, my culture also believes that life moves by the clock. The belief is an example of the monochronic notion of time. The value of the belief is that failure to manage and observe time properly causes serious repercussions in life.
The Differences in Intercultural Communication between Individualistic and Collective Cultures
One of the differences in intercultural communication involving individualistic and collective cultures is the functionality aspect of communication. Individualist cultured persons believe that the functionality of communication is to inform while collective cultured persons believe the feature of communication is the creation of relations. Another difference is that individualistic cultured persons prefer formal engagements in conversation while collective cultured persons approach communication form a social and relative perspective.
Moreover, persons subscribing to individualistic cultures apply short and precise communication processes while persons practicing collective culture exercise the prolonged and untimed process of communication (Manrai et al., 2019). For instance, Diego is an Argentinian civilian, and he tours Canada for business establishments. While in Toronto, Diego invites Jefferson for lunch and business chat. Jefferson shows up in time but insists on hearing Diego's business offer before making lunch order. After hearing Diego's offer, Jefferson concludes the meeting without partaking the lunch, citing that he had other business commitments. Diego is infuriated as he perceives Jefferson's actions as disgraceful.
My Strongly Held Beliefs and their Bases Regarding Time
One of the beliefs that I strongly appreciate is that once the time is wasted, it can never be recovered. This belief subscribes to the monochronic notion of time. Manrai et al. (2019) argue that time is irreversible, and losses incurred through wasted time make irreversible impacts. Another belief that I appreciate is that one should take life easy and avoid making decisions in a rush. This belief subscribes to the polychronic notion of time. Widyanti & Regamalela (2019) supports this notion by arguing that life is about making decisions and that one has to take time before making important decisions in life. Besides, I believe life is a process and that one has to take a step after another. This belief subscribes to the monochronic notion of time. The belief prescribes that one has to organize a lifetime into steps that adhere to stipulated time. Widyanti & Regamalela, (2019) share my belief by arguing that life is a combination of many steps which should be attended with the strictness of timing.
Differences between in Intercultural Communication between High and Low Context Cultures
The difference is that high context cultures appreciate the use of nonverbal cues and illustrations to create meaning while low context cultures emphasize rationale, not illustrations. Nevertheless, high context culture exercises implicit communication while in a low context, culture communication is done explicitly. High context cultures do not schedule time in communication, while low context culture communication observes strict timing (Hoffmann et al., 2017). For instance, a Briton can feel offended by an African for explaining the obvious while the Africans could feel that the Briton is not communicating enough directions.
References
Ikuesan, A. R., Razak, S. A., Venter, H. S., & Salleh, M. (2019). Polychronicity tendency-based online behavioral signature. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 10(8), 2103-2118.
Hoffmann, M., Donovan, L., Green, T., & Phuntsog, N. (2017). Building Community in Online Programs for Learners from High and Low Context Cultures. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 210-215). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Manrai, L. A., Manrai, A. K., Lascu, D., & Friedeborn, S. (2019). Determinants and effects of cultural context: A review, conceptual model, and propositions. Journal of Global Marketing , 32 (2), 67-82.
Shynkaruk, L., Salata, H., & Danylova, T. (2018). Dialogue of cultures: E. Hall and F. Kluckhohn. Вісник Національної академії керівних кадрів культури і мистецтв, (3), 128-133.
Widyanti, A., & Regamalela, D. (2019). The influence of monochronic/polychronic time orientation on temporal demand and subjective mental workload. Timing & Time Perception, 7(3), 243-253.
