Morphine is a medicinal product that is derived from the poppy straw of the opium poppy. The scientific name of opium poppy is Papaver somniferum L. Morphine is used to treat acute as well as chronic pain. Traditionally, morphine has been utilized in acute pulmonary edema treatment. It is also beneficial in minimizing the symptom of breath which results from both cancer and non-cancer causes. In some countries, it is available for the slow-release of opiate substitution therapy formulation. Since morphine is an opiate alkaloid, it is isolated and produced synthetically from the Papaver somniferum.
Morphine is extracted from poppy straw using the different methods. The most suitable method of extracting morphine domestically has been developed. Morphine is obtained from dried poppy straw using water that is saturated with isobutanol at a concentration of 0.23 percent of ammonia ( Kumar, Kelly & Pirlot, 2011 ). The extract is then passed through the resin bed of cation exchange where all alkaloids are adsorbed. The raw morphine is then extracted through precipitation from a concentrated and a neutralized eluate. The primary role of morphine is treating both acute and chronic pain.
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There are no fields in the United States that grow poppy straw because they occur naturally. Demerol is a substitute for morphine in postoperative pain treatment. This drug was initiated by Eisled and Schaumann. The drug has been acclaimed by numerous researchers as a potent and effective drug that functions as morphine. The main advantage of this drug is its antispasmodic properties which makes it an ideal drug for severe colicky pain treatment. As much as it can effectively treat pain, the fascinating thing about morphine is its addictive nature. Using the drug for a longer period without the prescription of the physician can quickly result in addiction. It also has some side effects of blurred vision, itching, and abdominal pain.
Reference
Kumar, K., Kelly, M., & Pirlot, T. (2011). Continuous intrathecal morphine treatment for chronic pain of nonmalignant etiology: long-term benefits and efficacy. Surgical neurology , 55 (2), 79-86.
