Question 1
Jack was infected by Helicobacter pylori bacteria and hence causing his gastric ulcers. These microorganisms live in the digestive tract of the host for years and cause sores called ulcers. The morphology of H. pylori is a curved spiral. However, some members have a short or tapered rod shape. All helicobacters have flagella and hence are motile. Since these microorganisms are located in the mucus membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, their characteristic morphology and motility are advantageous. Besides, H. pylori has a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan.
Question 2
The PH of the stomach is harsh, owing to the production of gastric acid. As a result, the stomach's condition is extremely acidic, with a PH ranging from 1.5-3.5. Due to the acid produced by the H. pylori, the acidity may be even lower.
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Question 3
The CLO packet is showing a basic PH, most likely to be above 8.2%. This is because the color change of the red phenol indicator from yellow to bright pink only occurs in a basic medium. The color of phenol red changed from yellow to bright pink.
Question 4
The use of antibiotics combination can treat ulcers and even prevent its further occurrence. As a result, antibiotics reduce the risk of getting stomach cancer. Jack was prescribed antibiotics to treat his ulcers. These most likely prescribed antibiotic for Jack was Rifamixin since it is the mainstay therapy. However, the doctor could also prescribe him tinidazole (Tindamax), amoxicillin (Amoxil), metronidazole (Flagyl), levofloxacin (Levaquin), Clarithromycin (Biaxin) or tetracycline (Tetracycline HCL).
Question 5
Most organisms cannot survive in the stomach due to the harsh acidic conditions there. However, some bacteria make up the normal flora of the stomach. These bacteria include different types of yeast, streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and peptostreptococcus. Other microorganisms include enterococci and other facultative anaerobes or gram-positive aerobes. These microorganisms help in intestinal development, immunity and are even important for the normal digestive process.
References
O'Rourke, J., & Bode, G. (2001). Morphology and ultrastructure. In Helicobacter pylori: Physiology and Genetics . ASM Press.
Santacroce, L. (2019). Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. Retrieved 20 July 2020, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176938-overview.
