Polarization is a state or a process where there is a division between two contrasting sides, basing on beliefs, alignments or opinions. Political polarization cuts across divergent masses with parallel ideologies, i.e., on political parties or legislative voting. In political polarization also voters are dived into conservatives and liberals. The most common division is elite polarization, where the distinction is based on the ruling party and the other in opposition. For instance, party in government, the parliamentary control system including legislation and policies but the other party is supposed to give an oversight, critique and correct the ruling one. An example of political polarization following parties is by aligning to either democrats or republicans in the USA.
Polarization in one way or the other affects the presidency and congress coordination. The duo needs to agree on legislation, where congress needs to execute and enforce laws to be signed in to veto or law. Because of polarization, the two-third rule needed to pass a bill/ law by the senate is not achieved because of sidelined voting. The degree of power varies between president and congress depending on voting block and ruling party or active political wave. Because the president takes over party leadership, polarization occurs, causing congress members not affiliated with the party to likely to differ during legislative amendment and implementations. Partisan polarization determines house representation which affects governance as congress will work in favour of their political divide. Such consensuses weaken democracy and undermine/ limit president's power on legislative processes.
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A failure to work together is pointed at the congress. The president is a solo elected while congress has many members who should put aside their partisan polar and legislate without compromise or favouritism. The congress accounts for the passing of vetoes; hence they are responsible for legislation conflict when they exhibit partisan intolerance whether in favour or ruling party or not. Impeccable congress will have a smooth legislation process and give the president the powers to run a federal government without inconveniences of being overrun or impeached by majority polarized voting.
References
https://www.c-span.org/video/?452005-4/president-congress-party-polarization
