Public health surveillance is the continued systematic collection, evaluation, and interpretation of records, intently included with the timely dissemination of those records to the ones accountable for preventing and controlling ailment and injury ( Khan, Schwartz, and Johnson, 2014 ). The data analyzed is further used for planning and implementation of Public health practice. Surveillance, in general, is conducting close observations. Watching, scrutinizing, viewing, or inspecting a group or an individual. In criminal surveillance, a person or group of individuals are conducted surveillance to investigate allegations of illegal behavior ( Groseclose and Buckeridge, 2017 ). The health status and behavior of a target group or a population are estimated by public health surveillance. Need for health initiatives and measuring the effects of the initiatives in place, need public health surveillance ( Lee, 2010 ). The sole purpose of public health surveillance is to urge, policymakers to reach an informed decision and manage projects more effectively by providing timely, and beneficial statistical evidence ( Khan, Schwartz, and Johnson, 2014). Criminal surveillance is conducted on a culprit or a suspect who has conducted a felony. Additionally, criminal Surveillance can range from observing a criminal physically, electronic monitoring, or even undercover operations. Only law enforcement institutions have the authority to conduct criminal surveillance (Heibutzki, 2017). Public health surveillance, for instance, on measles has demonstrated a great effect on the measles virus.
Since the commemoration of the measles vaccine in 1963, Measles cases in the United States have decreased significantly. Surveillance information has been used to evaluate the adequacy of measles vaccination regulations and the effectiveness of program implementation. Measles surveillance in the U.S started in 1912, and by 1920, all fifty states had participated in reporting measles cases, and it was through the program that the measles vaccine was developed in 1963 ( Walter et al., 2004).
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References
Buehler, J.W., Hopkins, R.S., Ovehage, J.M., Sosin, D.M. (2004). Framework for evaluating Public Health Surveillances Systems for Early Detection of Outbreaks. Recommendations from the CDC working group. Recommendation and reports, 1-11.
Chron. Retrieved from http://work.chron.com/types-surveillance-criminal-investigations 9434.html on 8/3/2018.
Groseclose, S. L., & Buckeridge, D. L. (2017). Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recent Advances in Their Use and Evaluation. Annual Review of Public Health, 38, 57-79.
Heibutzki, R. (2017). Types of Surveillance in Criminal Investigations
Khan, Y., Schwartz, B., & Johnson, I. (2014). Surveillance and epidemiology in natural disasters: A novel framework and assessment of reliability . PLOS Currents Disasters. 2014 Feb 10. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371/currents.dis.6773eb9d5e64b733ab490f78de346003.
Lee, L. M. (2010). Principles and practice of public health surveillance . New York: Oxford University Press.
Walter, A. O., Dalya, G., Rafael, H., Susan, B. R., Natalie, J. S., & Mark, J. P. (May 01, 2004). Measles Surveillance in the United States: An Overview. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189, 1, S177-S184.
