Key points made in each of the texts
In the text, The Faithful Wife by Manu Smirti (2009) tries to explain how submissive a Hindu wife is to the husband. The text outlines how the woman is expected to behave in the presence of her husband or his absence. In the text, it details on how the man is worshiped as a god by the faithful wife even after seeking pleasure elsewhere. The faithful wife is not supposed to mention another man's name in the presence of his husband or desire to do anything that may displease her husband while alive or dead. Until her death, she is supposed to endure hardship and be patient, practice self-control and strive to fulfill her duties excellently as prescribed for the married women. The husband is expected to provide his wife with happiness throughout the season in the current world and the world to come. The men perform sacrifices, do fasting and vows which cannot be done by the wife, who after their obedience to their husband are promised to be exalted in heaven.
The text of The Awakening of Universal Motherhood by Mata Amritanandamayi (2009), outline the importance of a woman in the Hindu family and the world as a whole. The text makes clear how the traditional view of women has been relegated by the active movements that support women liberation from oppression. According to Amritanandamayi (2009), a woman is the creator of the human race as she is the guide and mentor to humanity. The woman as a mother is responsible for installing good qualities through the special bond between a mother and the child. This statement is stressed through a story of a young man who went to Amma for help against hatred and violence. The young man, who was a leader of a group of social work in a region that was ravaged by terrorism, learned from his mother the art of forgiveness even after watching the brutal murder of his father by the terrorists. This shows how the woman characteristic can bring heaven to earth through the installation of characters to their offspring's.
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In the text, Women in Jewish Life , Ellen M. Umansky (2009) tries to describe what the role of women is in the church. How the woman’s role has developed due to education and persuasive feminists who have aided in dissolving the ancient tradition on the same. In the traditional Judaism, the role of women was specific, and they received minimal religious education as they were exempted from the responsibility to study. In the text, it is emphasized on how the role of women in Jewish life has expanded and attained leadership roles in many Protestant denominations. The openings of the theological seminary that enroll women have been seen as the milestone to develop woman’s role within the synagogue and Jewish communal life.
The text on Roman Catholic Womenpriests by Catholic Womenpriests Movement (2009) quotes on how the church restricts priesthood to men with the argument that Jesus and his disciples were men. The notion has led to the formation of the Roman Catholic Women Priest, with the aim to bring equality and to strive for a new model of priestly ministry. The movement is meant to strive for equality and wants neither to break the church, but work positively within the church. The movement brings to light the truth and myth about women who about their gender have no Christ image, but every female and male are said to be in the image of Christ. Thus if facts have to be followed every person regardless of gender is in the likeness of Christ.
The text on Gender, Family by George Allen (2009) touches on how a man and a woman ought to live together according to the teachings of Islam. The man is said to be the protector and supporter of the wife as God gave him strength than the woman. The guidelines on marriage focus on the unbelievers as outsiders and cannot be integrated within the Islamic marriages. Divorce in a marriage is allowed, and the remarriage process after the divorce needs to meet some procedures "A divorced husband cannot remarry his wife until she has married another man and he divorces her." The law on family setup advocates for righteous deeds and faith as an approach to enter heaven and justice to be done on them.
Text on The Rights of Women in the Qur'anic Ideals versus Muslim Practices by Riffat Hassan (2009) details on how the written laws in the Quran have been misinterpreted and applied the wrong methods. The incorrect application of legislation has led to the violation of women’s rights. In history, women had been subjected to many forms of oppression and injustice, but the Quran had a protective attitude all the oppressed classes of individuals, and it was seen as being for women. A lot of these protective laws have been disregarded, and women cannot claim equality with their male counterpart. Instead, women have been made to be submissive to men in all aspects. However, despite what has gone wrong with the rights of Muslim women due to the male-controlled Muslim culture, indication across the world shows growth in critical reflection on the teachings of Quran.
Two Major similarities
In all the texts, religions have been examined to have a gender gap in religious activities in all the religion diversity. Though out the texts the religious gender gap is seen to sprout from various factors and there is still not clear which factors are responsible for gender differences. In the analysis of the texts, social and cultural forces, biological or evolution forces lend support for the explanation of the religious gender gap. The text demonstrates how women and women movement’s struggle to liberate women from oppression. The important role of women in society and religious activities has been explained throughout the texts.
The dominance of the males and their concern to control women’s rights on religious and family matters have been brought to light in the texts. In all the religion denominations outlined in the text, the man seems to enjoy all the important roles of religion and act supreme over the female counterpart. The texts appear to display the man as a god who should be obeyed and helped to perform his tasks by the woman.
The position of women
The equality and role of women when it comes to taking charge of authoritative and theological belief varies based on numerous religions. In Christianity, plenty of women have taken the roles of teaching, evangelization and missionary roles from the role model of significant ladies in the Bible who performed the accountabilities of women in the Christian trust. The Christian women nurture and instill on the children religious matters and maintain a Godly household. In Islamic scriptures, women like Aisha, wife of Prophet Muhammad and Hawwa, the wife of Adam are the outlooks when it comes to women holding positions in religious organizations. Women in Islam observe specific gender responsibilities assist family members in moral decisions and retain care of the household.
In Judaism notable women like Miriam, sister of Moses and the seven prophets in the Bible who were females. The role of women in Judaism and faith has significant since the establishment of the State of Israel women has served as ministers. Jews have a lesser emphasis on the gender role as they consider God to be both male and female. Nevertheless, women perform scholarly tasks while men accomplish environmental responsibilities. In the Hinduism, women are not allowed to perform ceremonies, but raise and care for children and help husbands perform traditional ceremonies.
Contemporary secular worldview
Religious intolerance explained as the exercise of keeping others from performing in agreement with their religious beliefs. There is an increasing concern at the violent nature and amount of such behaviors. Women believe they are capable of performing religious activities, but are hindered from the same by rules and regulations that are defined in the religious laws (Melé, 2015). However, there is understandably renewed interest in encouraging religious tolerance environment that will help persons with differing religious perspectives to practice their faith without interference.
References
Allen, G. (2009). Gender, family. In Living Religions and Anthology, custom edition for George Brown College (p.480-481). London, England: Pearson Custom Publishing.
Amritanandamayi, M. (2009). The awakening of Universal motherhood. In Living Religions and Anthology, custom edition for George Brown College (Pp. 355-336). London, England: Pearson Custom Publishing.
Catholic Womenpriests Movement (2009). Roman Catholic Womenpriests. In Living Religions and Anthology, custom edition for George Brown College (p.464-465). London, England: Pearson Custom Publishing.
Hassan, R. (2009). Rights of women: Qur’anic ideals versus Muslims practice. In Living Religions and Anthology, custom edition for George Brown College (p.498-501). London, England: Pearson Custom Publishing.
Melé, D. (2015). Religious Approaches on Business Ethics: Current Situation and Future Perspectives. Ramon Llull Journal of Applied Ethics, 6, 137-160.
Smirti, M. (2009). The faithful wife. In Living Religions and Anthology, custom edition for George Brown College (p.337). London, England: Pearson Custom Publishing.
Umansky, E. M. (2009). Women in Jewish life. In Living Religions and Anthology, custom edition for George Brown College (p.417- 420). London, England: Pearson Custom Publishing.
