Vitamin D deficiency is an interesting topic reported in over 50% population in America. Low serum Vitamin D levels have been associated with the metabolic disorder in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D deficiency is also known to increase the risk factors for heart disease through influencing the HDL cholesterol levels. Cholesterol is a precursor of Vitamin D. and bile acids through degradation. When cholesterol is combined with protein, it forms lipoprotein. Lipoproteins could be classified into chylomicrons, Very low-density lipoproteins, intermediate lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein. The various lipoproteins are synthesized in different cells such as intestinal mucosal cells and intestinal cells. HDL transports the cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. The levels of HDL have been correlated with heart disease. The HDL levels are inversely proportional to the myocardial infarction. For example, when the HDL levels are below 40mg/dl, there is a risk of heart disease. Recently the vitamin D levels have been associated with the metabolic biomarkers in postmenopausal women.
The study by Rubiano et al., sort to establish the relationship between vitamin D levels and HDL cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. The study is important because it sort to establish the contribution of Vitamin D deficiency on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The results of the study could provide insight on prevention of predisposing factors of cardiovascular disease and MS among the postmenopausal women (Sarmiento-Rubiano et al., 2018) . The study was co nducted in four municipalities; Sabana Larga, Baranoa, Malambo, and Santo Tomas in Colombia. A sample of 183 postmenopausal women with ages between 50 years and 80 years was collected between September and October 2017. The study was conducted to establish the association between Vitamin D and risk factors related to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The samples selected had a stable health status who did not consume replacement hormonal therapy. Data was obtained based on established criteria, and an anthropometric assessment was undertaken. Biochemical analysis was conducted through the extraction of whole blood and assessed in the laboratory for determination of glycemia, total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, and triglycerides. Determination of serum through the use of a kit was also done. Statistical analysis was conducted on the results to determine the average value of serum for each municipality. The levels of the sufficiency of serum vitamin D was noted based on ISE standards. Correlation analysis and ANOVA test according to vitamin D status was done.
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The results showed that the 183 postmenopausal women under study, 69.95% has vitamin D levels lower than 30ng/ml, 26.63% had lower than 20ng/mg. The results are an indication that two-thirds of the postmenopausal women have vitamin D deficiency. Using the regression analysis, the authors established a relationship between the level of vitamin D and HDL levels. The study confirmed that Low serum Vitamin D caused low levels of HDL cholesterol
In conclusion, the article found that there was a relationship between metabolic syndrome and the levels of the sufficiency of the vitamin D. The results were also consistent with the WHO that point out that two out of three postmenopausal women have Vitamin D deficiency. Linear regression analysis showed that only one positive direct correlation existed between vitamin D and high-density cholesterol. Since HDL cholesterol is a significant risk factor, the study should be conducted to determine the mechanism by which Vitamin D influences the HDL levels to help reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease. I believe the study presents good science that provides a basis for further studies on the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. The study was sponsored by Metropolitana University and featured the contribution of other health institutions. The study does not feature bias and conflicts of interests.
References
Sarmiento-Rubiano, L. A., Ruidiaz, J. A., Dávila, H. F., Rodríguez, A. S., Rebolledo-Cobos, R. C., & author, J. E. (2018). Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and HDL Cholesterol in Postmenopausal Women from the Colombian Caribbean. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism , 1-6.
