Allen Schick
Allen Schick is considered a Brookings Institution’s Governance fellow. He was a political science’s professor at the Maryland University (Barzelay, 2002). Schick is further recognized as a prominent and influential power on the concept of budget theories in addition to the processes revolving around the federal budget. He was highly influential in the public policy and administration concepts and processes on matters to do with budgeting. He advised the Congress members on the budget system, and policies, the financial governance and the public management. Public fiancé and budgeting play a critical role in any economy, and this was made successful through the efforts of Schick (Jones & McCaffery, 2005). Therefore, his influence on budgeting has determined the success of economy management. Budgeting has helped countries to plan effectively on matters related to public spending and at the same time reduces the waste of resources. According to Jones & McCaffery, (2005), based on this, Schick is greatly remembered in every economy for the breakthrough in effective budgeting. His advice on budget system clearly shows how influential he was and how his contribution changed the way of thinking of the public policy makers.
Jürgen Habermas
Jürgen Habermas was born in the year 1929. He is further considered as one of the most prominent sociologists and philosophers in German within the tradition of pragmatism in addition to critical theories. Habermas is famous for his communicative rationality’s theory and the greater contribution to the public spheres (McCarthy, 1981). He was also recognized among the leading intellectuals globally based on the Global polls. Habermas has also been closely linked to the Frankfurt School, but the majority of his work is explicitly founded on social theory and epistemology. He further believed in the concept of the rule of law and democracy within the social revolutionary's setting and modern day politics especially in the politics of German. According to McCarthy, (1981), Habermas had a greater influence on the public policies and management concept and the manner in which the society is managed currently. Habermas further, advocated for exploring the possibilities of reasons, emancipation, in addition to rational communication within the contemporary institution. Habermas emphasized human capability to weigh and accomplish various reasonable goals and objectives. According to McCarthy, (1981), Habermas focus on the concept of rationalization was the most dominant, and this was argued to be highly influential on modernity aspects, and this has substantially resulted to practical, leadership and management of public resources.
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Roland Barthes
Roland Gérard Barthes is another prominent French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist, critic, and semiotician. Studies have shown that Barthes great influence was the establishment of the school of theories such as “structuralism, social theory, anthropology, and semiotics, post-structuralism in addition to the design theory” (Barthes & Sontag, 1983). It was established that his strong criticism mainly influenced the development of theoretical schools indicated above which have continued to contribute towards informing the members of the public. Despite the fact that Barthes’ influence was mainly felt in the theoretical field, the same has affected modern day public policies and the management processes of public affairs. According to Barthes & Sontag, (1983), Barthes impacted positively in the communication models such as computers and literature. His writing influenced the public policies development by emphasizing on the need for effective communication (Barthes, 1971). His critics on current theories played a greater role bringing to various light issues of vital importance to the public. For instance, his thinking and theories greatly influence modern day leadership where the argument and claims are sought when handling various issues within the public sphere.
References
Barthes, R. (1971). From work to text. The Novel: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory, 1900- 2000 , 236-41.
Barthes, R., & Sontag, S. (1983). Barthes: selected writings . Fontana Press.
Barzelay, M. (2002). Origins of the new public management. New public management: Current trends and future prospects , 15.
Jones, L. R., & McCaffery, J. L. (2005). Reform of the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System, and management control in the US Department of Defense: insights from budget theory. Public Budgeting & Finance , 25 (3), 1-19.
McCarthy, T. (1981). The critical theory of Jurgen Habermas.
