A safe indoor and outdoor learning environment is critical because it keep children unharmed by common causes of injuries. Similar to adults, children need to be safe. They depend on adults to meet the threshold on safety and protect them from harm. Both parents and teachers should consider promoting safe learning and playing environments to protect children from safety hazards while providing healthy indoor and outdoor learning conditions. The feeling of security and protection enables children to build relationships and be confident to attain their potential in every environment.
There are various ideal indoor and outdoor locations for children to learn and play depending on the space, security, maintenance, and upkeep of the environment. Facilities such as schools need to have appropriate maintenance to keep the environment safe for the children to learn and play. Playgrounds are trimmed and the removal of possible safety hazards such as open pits, broken bottles, and stones ( Brockevelt, Cerny, Newland & Lawler, 2019 ) . There should be a provision of the safety facilities in the child-development centers, and predefined safety measures are necessary for entire children's safety irrespective of their ages. Constant supervision is essential within the learning and plying environments for preschool children because the conditions become unsafe very quickly.
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6-12 months
Safety for a child of 6 to 12 months, at this stage, the child is active and attempts to reach everything at their sight, and parents should prevent common safety hazards at this stage. The safety hazards include falls, burns, drowning, poison and choking, car safety, and suffocations. Safety strategies related to these problems should be in place to ensure safeness.
1-3 Years
At one to three years, the child moves around, attempting to learn more about their environment. This time the child is prone to many injuries such as falls, drowning, and getting burns since they touch play with everything in their view. 3 to 5 years, the child ventures more in the outdoor activities and might engage in sports such as circling, climbing, and even running around ( Specker & Binkley, 2003 ). This is a risky stage of accidents such as falls, cuts, and even drowning as they try to venture into swimming like adults.
3-5 years
The two other age-appropriate for outdoor learning activities reinforcing the importance of health, safety, and nutrition are 2 to 5 and 1 to 4 years. Children at this age need a safe environment and health for growth and development. The child needs protection from choking, burns and scalds, falls, poisoning, and drowning for their safety. Rigorous health and nutrition regimen is required at this stage since the child needs more proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, and minerals for good health and energy. The children need good nutrition at this age, mostly in proteins to assist them in bodybuilding fighting of infections getting energy, and carrying oxygen. The body needs milk for calcium, iron, and folate ( Duangthip et al., 2019) . Healthy feeding basics for this category include meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, and dairy products. It also requires feeding the child on fruits and vegetables, cereals, potatoes, rice, and flour products.
Various disabilities and allergies may hamper children's development and learning within conducive environments. The cognitive disability can interfere with the child's ability to engage in most activities correlated to their age group. Children with cognitive disabilities have problems with cognition or thinking and information processing. They have an intellectual disability, which is the common cause of the cognitive disability, such as intense cerebral palsy limitation inability to move and observe others in regular operations.
Based on the analysis, it is evident that children require intense care for their safety and healthy development. The indoor and outdoor activities by children need close surveillance and maintenance to enhance their safety and prevent common injuries while learning and playing. It is parents' and care takers' roles to ensure effective measures and strategies to limit common safety hazards within indoor and outdoor children environments to reduce accidents.
References
Brockevelt, B. L., Cerny, S. L., Newland, L. A., & Lawler, M. J. (2019). Activities within an ecological, relationship-based model of children’s subjective well-being. Child Indicators Research , 12 (2), 589-608.
Duangthip, D., Chen, K. J., Gao, S. S., Lo, E. C. M., & Chu, C. H. (2019). Early childhood caries among 3‐to 5‐year‐old children in Hong Kong. International dental journal , 69 (3), 230-236.
Specker, B., & Binkley, T. (2003). Randomized trial of physical activity and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content in 3‐to 5‐year‐old children. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research , 18 (5), 885-892.
