This assignment will allow you to demonstrate the following objectives:
Evaluate the evolution of technologies related to solid waste management.
Describe best practices of solid waste management in an urban society.
Instructions: Advanced treatment technologies will be needed in the future to complement the traditional landfill and incineration options in use today. The objective of these technologies is to prepare wastes for disposal where combustion is present and to derive energy from municipal wastes with the benefit of reducing the volume that is landfilled after treatment. This extends the life of landfills before they become unavailable to the local community and need to be closed. The fuel value of municipal waste explored in this assignment is critical to the efficient operation of advanced technologies.
Answer the questions directly on this document. When you are finished, select “Save As,” and save the document using this format: Student ID_Unit# (ex. 1234567_UnitI). Upload this document to BlackBoard as a .doc, docx, or .rtf file. The specified word count is given for each question. At a minimum, you must use your textbook as a resource for these questions. Other sources may be used as needed. All material from outside sources (including your textbook) must be cited and referenced in APA format. Please include a reference list after each question.
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Q1. The particle size of municipal solid waste (MSW) is best described by a distribution of particle sizes Referring to Figure 4-12 (p. 145):
There are no waste categories with larger particles size. The 6 inches of textile is of the largest size.
The waste categories that include garden sand, rocks, food remains, glass and plastic, textile, ferrous, wood, cardboard and miscellaneous are the ones smaller than the composite of 20 inches.
The particle size of the composite curve will be shifted towards the larger particles. Wear and tear significantly contribute to particle size. In this situation, wear and tear come from the blades that cut the materials. Therefore, during the operations of the shredder, it is exposed to wear and tear, which in turn affects its performance. Later, it will be less convenient in reducing the size of the materials.
Houston, TX, will have coarser particle size determination. Most of its materials will have larger particle sizes than those of composite particles. Wear and tear of the shredder will also contribute to larger particles. Biodegradable solid waste can be collected and made into manure. Non-biodegradable materials can only be reduced into smaller sizes and recycled. Unusable solid wastes can be buried with caution not to pollute soil and underground water. These measures will control particle sizes, but they still will be larger.
Q2. Properties of MSW (For parts A-C, show all of your work for the problems.)
Using the conversation tables, we have 1 lb. = 0.454 kg and 1 ft 3 = 0.0283 m 3
Calculating the values, we have
Therefore, A has higher bulk density refuse.
From fig 4-1, 200 Kg/M3 is equal to 2.0 m and 1meter = 3.28ft
So, the bulk density is 6.56 feet above the floor.
MSW moisture content of 60%?
The facility manager should be concerned about the nature of the soil.
Shredder technologies table comparison.
| Mechanical separation | Thermal treatment gasifier technology | |||
| Advantages | Disadvantages | Advantages | Disadvantages | |
| High-efficiency rate. | Unwanted large amounts of waste materials. | Convenient to use for both organic and non-organic materials. | Cannot be used for plastic materials and ceramics. | |
| Can handle a variety of solid wastes. | Not appropriate to use with organic materials. | It has little effects on the environment. | Very little amounts of waste are recycled | |
| It relies on ancient technology. | Results in the accumulation of large amounts of waste. | It is a more recent technology | Results in the emission of gases and heat into the environment | |
| It has a high organic fractionation. | Not much environmentally friendly. | Supports the industrial processes. | Low organic fractionation. | |
Q3. A local municipality is selling landfill capacity to neighboring communities to generate additional revenue for the community. The following specifications are known about the facility:
25 acres are reserved for use by neighboring communities.
The volume of waste that can go into the landfill will be limited to 2.5 million yd 3
The neighboring communities are required to deliver MSW at a density of 750 lb/yd 3
A pressure of 45 Psi
A pressure of 180 Psi is required (Ignoring the 95% confidence limits)
Several operations can be used to generate income to offset landfill operations. Recycling of waste materials is one best alternative practice to generate income. For example, plastic waste can be recycled and used in manufacturing other products ( Allesch, & Brunner, 2014) . Glass can be molten and used in manufacturing other materials. Recycling and use of these waste products this way can be way beneficial to the neighbouring environment and be economically significant to other related companies ( Allesch, & Brunner, 2014) . Organic wastes can be turned into manure for crops in the farms. Another practice would be partnering with bodies that produce large scale amounts of solid wastes. Such organizations do have internal methods of handling solid waste. This will reduce the amount of solid waste disposed to the landfills. It will also minimize the environmental risks posed by the landfill. Therefore, the implementation of this action will reduce the costs of operation as it protects the environment, ensuring each individual are responsible for their actions. This will be easily considered by the municipality since the company will not be interfering with other companies’ operations. They will also be in legal operation per the authorities as they would not be directly selling the landfill capacity to someone else.
Q4. Hammermill Shredder
The top half of the unit is an opening responsible for input and sorting of waste materials. If the unit does not operate, materials cannot get into the shredder, thereby failing the entire process
The lower half is a compartment for sampling the shredded particles and sorting them according to size and type for disposal. If it does not operate properly, sorting cannot be done.
The characteristic size is the required size of different materials after they have been shredded
The characteristic size of the refuse increases as the levels of processed refuse increase. This is due to the reduced efficiency of the shredder as its operational time and quantity increase. At higher performance levels, much quantity reduces the efficiency of the shredder, which may produce small-sized materials. Wear and tear could lead to the production of materials with small-sized particles. Therefore, there is a decline in the characteristic size of the materials.
Reference
Allesch, A., & Brunner, P. H. (2014). Assessment methods for solid waste management: A literature review. Waste Management & Research , 32 (6), 461-473.
