STEM
The STEM program stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. The term addresses an education policy and curriculum choice in schools meant to improve competition in science and technological advancements. It has a serious implication by developing the workforce, security, and immigration within the country’s limits. Science in the field involves some main branches: natural sciences and social sciences. The coordination between the different branches of science must come out together to make the society competitive and ready to achieve greater heights ( Kelley & Knowles, 2016, p. 12-19) . It touches on psychology and is considered a major under STEM, aside from the other main subjects. Psychology as a field of science touches majorly on the state of the community's mind by first imparting good values in students and ensuring that they turn out to be good people. STEM as a program is meant to embed science into the education system to enable the community to turn out competitive.
STEM is currently the focus of most countries. For example, China and Australia have identified the place of competition to be science in the future and, as such, have remodeled their schools to be science-oriented ( Thibaut et al. 2018, p. 17-21) . They are further focusing on having a mentally healthy population in the future that is focused more on solutions than the problems. Through such a journey, the major concern that comes out is ensuring that more people are integrated into the general governance system. The leadership is critically concerned about setting up the best attitude towards science and they have started with promoting good health and creating more science schools. Universities in China are advertising more science courses ( English , 2017, p. 15) . In addition to that, nuclear energy has been recently adopted by China after realising its potential across the globe within the next 10 years. ( English, 2017) . Thus, their community has to be very prepared about what is about to come.
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On the other hand, Australia has adopted the STEM program to prepare their students in the science-based future competitive world. STEM is more about countries doing their scientific innovations, and to get to that level, their students must first acquire the appropriate education ( Thibaut et al., 2018, p. 32-34) . For an independent nation to exist, there must be good grounds set up which allow the general population to live freely. The first step towards such economic independence is by adopting science and technology within the system.
The main barrier to the STEM program is a lack of government support. While the system has been tried and approved, not so many governments are willing to adopt it. STEM is limited in terms of scope as it is not adequately funded across all countries.
There are major ethical considerations that are taken under STEM. First is the coming up of ethical policies regarding scientific experiments. The choice of sample is a major ethical consideration. Despite science being hugely focused on improving human life, picking out human samples has remained a major challenge over the years Kelley & Knowles, 2016, p. 4-8) . To cure that, for one to participate in a laboratory experiment, there has to be a formal, written consent. After the consent, the testing party must show that they can conduct the test ( Kelley & Knowles, 2016, p. 3-7) . With these measures in place, society would be looking to find solutions that promote scientific innovation while protecting individual needs at a time. For science and innovation to thrive, the ethical concerns have to be addressed adequately.
Robots
A robot is a computerized machine that carries out actions automatically. They can be guided using external or internal devices. They can be constructed using the human form, but most robots are designed as machines to perform special tasks regarding their aesthetics ( Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2020, p.32-45) . The idea of robots was meant to reduce the risk of humans working in certain fields. Since they are computerized, they ease work in companies to perform tasks for longer hours without rest ( Belpaeme, 2018, p. 21-28) . Robots are command based as they are not given the ability to think. However, robotics technology has advanced in recent years, and companies are coming up with smart robots that can decode information and make decisions as well. Such is the future of artificial intelligence, which will be more into robotics than human safety.
Robots take an autonomous or semi-autonomous form and appear in the range of humanoids. Other robots are in the form of industrial robots, medical lab robots, and dog therapy ones. Their idea is often to perform instructed functions by their master/ programmer without delay and tend to perform functions efficiently since they do not have options in thinking ( Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2020, p. 12-19) . They are currently used mostly in manufacturing industries for loading and packing. Such works have become cumbersome for humans to complete and take a lot of time, and as such, companies have resorted to having automatic machines that ease the work of loading ( Belpaeme 2018, p.32-34) . The robots can work for longer hours than natural persons, making them more advantageous as they increase an organization's chances of functioning without any major challenges. Companies that often struggle to work out ways to adopt technology have found robots to be the way forward because they are simple to understand and operation using a functional basis mentality rather than a reasoning one ( Acemoglu & Restrepo 2020) . The main weakness of robots is that they are not able to think independently, therefore, not possible for them to make independent decisions. Essentially, robots are the future of the planet. With new ideologies being implemented in the manufacturing industry, it appears that robots will soon take over the majority of the functions already.
The major barrier to the use of robots is financing and societal acceptance of robots. The community is not yet receptive to being run by robots. Robots are limited in thought because they do not have their private capacity to think and deliver. They follow commands. The main ethical concerns when it comes to robots is whether humans have a choice on whether to deal with robots or not. Clients are not informed of the risks of dealing with robots, something that companies need to come out and clear ( Belpaeme 2018, p. 21-27) . The autonomy question is a major ethical concern in medicine, because the client should have the freedom to choose the type and mode of medication to be given to them. These options are restricted; it means that the patient has not been ethically served by the facility ( Acemoglu & Restrepo 2020, p.19-28) . Medical facilities need to be more open about their mode of operations and strictly prepare ways of engagement within the market. Additionally, an organization must always ensure that they offer the correct information to be consumed by the market, which will ethically position them well in society.
Codes
Codes refer to a system of rules used to convert information such as letters, images, words, and gestures into another secretive communication channel. Coding in technology is a computer language, specifically used in developing applications, websites, and software. Without the code, there is no technological advancement because it ensures the system communicates through and through. It is the best way to enable the systems to move through different levels of development and make a person have an easier way of gambling by creating a new technological process and advancement. Without a code, major technological advancements would not be realized. Top sites such as Facebook use codes to operate. It is the code that transmits information on how the site should move. On the phone, the codes interlink the different functions through reporting commands given to it by the users.
The main function of the code is to command a system or a computer. It is the commanding agent of a computer or any technological device. Computers and systems do not understand familiar words, and as such, the programming languages such as Java and C++ are how they communicate. The computer system only gets the concept of on and off. Generally, with them on and off concepts, the computer must rely on the transistors to survive. The binary code represents the on and off transistors in the form of digits 1 and 0 ( Bers 2019, p. 32-45) . There is further an infinite number of combinations made through the codes that later make the computer work. To make the binary system complete, computer programming languages were formed to enable communication efficiency. The code guides the computer procedure on what tasks to complete ( Wakefield & Roberts 2017, p. 12-18) . In the current digital world, everything is currently running using technology. To have a flawless system, one must engage substantial use of properly established codes. Such systems tend to have minimal 404 error pop-ups and other software crushes ( Bers 2019, p. 21-24) . Debugging the codes is often the last step that needs to be revealed in fixing code issues. Essentially, these codes work by creating a perfect system responsible for the success or failure of any technology.
The main barrier to coding is the lack of programming teachers. As a result, there are not so many people who understand the language hence creating a major deficit in technological advancement. Codes are limited because not everyone understands them; hence cannot be used in many places. Coding does not have several ethical issues. The first in line is confidentiality. To appreciate the client’s demands, the coded language should not be displayed elsewhere. Programmers are not allowed to showcase their client’s codes because they would be letting out the whole system to the public ( Wakefield & Roberts, 2017, p. 13-18) . Honesty is another ethical consideration. While coding, the programmer is expected to have an open system to the owner, and to do that, they must be open enough and disclose anything of interest to the client. The best codes are run using integrity as the key function ( Wakefield & Roberts 2017, p. 12-19) . Honesty and confidentiality are important virtues that sum up integrity as a requirement in coding. A good code should be enclosed or secretive. A programmer is expected to be confidential about the programs created by them. The programmer needs to be as ethical as possible to stay relevant in the markets.
Makerspaces
A makerspace refers to a collaborative workspace within a school, library, or a separate facility used to learn, explore, and share, which uses top quality technology or not technology at all. They offer hands-on learning and assist in critical thinking processes while boosting students' confidence ( Paganelli et al. 2017, p. 23-38) . The makerspace is a specially designed place where students can come up with new innovations. In technology, it is a place where students attempt to make new programs, devices or applications. Schools have these places so that kids can work on their creativity over time. Schooling is not to get book knowledge but also to be creative and develop talent. In such platforms, it is easier for the student gets a chance to collaborate with mates and develop something unique, aimed at promoting creativity and skills. Creativity rotates around coming up with new ideas, aimed at solving issues. It could involve making unique products in the market ( Eriksson et al. 2018, p. 12-19) . The product could be digital or physical, but the whole idea is that there must be a product presentation.
American schools prefer having a makerspace because the system is intended to promote innovation and creativity by students. The makerspace is supposed to contain top quality technology that support innovation among students. It is easier to view how a makerspace can be incorporated into the classroom set up. The value of such is occasionally not subject-specific but rather more about the engagement in question and mindset set up ( Paganelli et al. 2017, p. 29). Students learn a lot when they are made to think rather than cramming. For science to prevail, students are supposed to attempt innovation. The attempts would lead into failures and successes in some instances, but the key thing is that the student would be learning how to grow their idea. The more kids make something in a classroom set up, the more they develop a maker mindset. The best such students can receive is adequate support from government and family ( Eriksson et al. 2018, p. 40-43) . They learn how to come up with programs at a very tender age, and thus as they grow, they are working on advancing them and not coming up with the basics. Such students have an edge over others worldwide because they have prior experience with technology plus good computer knowledge base to rely on ( Paganelli et al. 2017, p.2-4) . The more students interact with technology, specifically computerized devices, the more techno-oriented they become, and can easily be innovative at a young age.
Lack of capital is the main barrier for most schools. While some schools enjoy high school fees from their students hence can afford to set up good quality makerspace, others do not. The fluctuation leads to a lack of uniformity among schools. The main ethical issues that come out of the use of makerspace is honesty and privacy. As students go through their creative journey, the system needs to be as honest as possible. However, honesty needs to be communicated in a friendly way. Such a position brings an ethical battle because the instructor must be honest but very friendly at the same time to encourage the students even when they are wrong. In the end, the teacher is under pressure to assist the kids in realizing their potential ( Eriksson et al. 2018, p. 12-19) . The privacy of these kids is also another issue. In as much as the kids are to be exposed to technology at a tender age, the school system should be as supportive to ensure their privacy is not infringed.
Conclusion
The world is taking up a new order where science is the reigning factor. Programs such as STEM and makerspace in schools are the starting point to having a techno-friendly society. In easing work, robots have been invented to ensure fast and efficient completion of duties. Further, most of these technology-based functions are only complete when codes are used. Coding creates the programming language which enables a device to function accurately. A combination of these elements is likely to make the world more focused towards promoting creativity.
References
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Bers, M. U. (2019). Coding as another language: a pedagogical approach for teaching computer science in early childhood. Journal of Computers in Education , 6 (4), 499-528.
Belpaeme, T., Kennedy, J., Ramachandran, A., Scassellati, B., & Tanaka, F. (2018). Social robots for education: A review. Science robotics , 3 (21).
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Eriksson, E., Heath, C., Ljungstrand, P., & Parnes, P. (2018). Makerspace in school—Considerations from a large-scale national testbed. International journal of child-computer interaction , 16 , 9-15.
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Paganelli, A., Cribbs, J. D., 'Silvie' Huang, X., Pereira, N., Huss, J., Chandler, W., & Paganelli, A. (2017). The makerspace experience and teacher professional development. Professional Development in Education , 43 (2), 232-235.
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