Boden, M. et al. (2014). Coping among military veterans with PTSD in substance use disorder treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 47(14), 160-167.
In the article, PTSD was found to deteriorate health condition of people suffering from substance abuse disorder. Avoidance behavior refers to the scenario where people try to run away from reality by engaging in other activities that enables them to forget their current situation rather than developing effective coping strategies. The lack of skills and resources is a major cause of failure of such victims to effectively manage their condition. Higher level of avoidance behavior was noted to result in the deterioration of the post-traumatic condition that such victims are suffering from
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In the article, the authors engaged in longitudinal studies of male military officers. A sample of 98 males with post-traumatic stress disorder was selected. Emotional discharge, rather than active coping was noted among patients with PTSD who were undergoing substance abuse treatments. From the study, it was concluded that maladaptive approaches should be adopted in providing intervention to people suffering from PTSD and substance abuse disorder.
Boelen, P.A., Reinjntjes, A., & Smid, G. (2016). Concurrent and prospective associations of intolerance of uncertainty with symptoms of prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and depression after bereavement. Journal of Anxiety Disorder , 41(16), 65-72.
The authors examined the extent to which people react negatively to uncertain situations especially those who are suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Intolerance to uncertainty has also been shown to be a major cause of emotional challenges including post-traumatic disorder. The authors collected data by inviting people over the internet who had been grieved in the assessment of grief variables.
From the study, the authors noted that intolerance to uncertainty resulted to development of emotional challenges and post-traumatic stress disorder six months after the incident occurred. They developed elevated speculations on what the future holds for them. Intolerance to uncertainty reduces the ability of individuals to develop positive engagement with distress and loss of their dear ones.
Oglesby, M. et al. (2016). Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of post-traumatic stress symptoms following a trauma event. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41(16), 82-87.
In the study, the authors noted that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a major cause of elevation of stress symptoms. Nevertheless, the authors noted that there is no evidence whether pre-trauma intolerance of uncertainties elevates post-traumatic stress. Nevertheless, the authors note that exposure to trauma is a common challenge that is faced by 70-80% of the global population. Nevertheless, it is the coping strategies adopted that determine the rate of recovery.
From the study, pre-trauma intolerance to uncertainty was noted to accelerate the chances of developing post-traumatic stress among patients. The indication is that intolerance to uncertainty not only drives individuals suffering from PTSD to running away from facing reality, but also even people who are not suffering from this condition. It would thus be important for people who are intolerant to uncertainties to undergo therapeutic interventions that will provide them with positive coping skills.
Banduci, A. et al. (2016). The impact of intolerance of emotional distress and uncertainty on veterans with co-occurring PTSD and substance abuse. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41(16), 73-81.
In the article, a sample of 70 military veterans who had been diagnosed with post-traumatic disorder was identified. Those with deteriorating PTSD were found to have a low level of tolerance to trauma, something that amplified the condition.
The article presents assertions that substance abuse is common among people suffering from post-traumatic disorder. Veterans with both problems tend to indicate more difficult recovery process as compared to those who are not faced with both challenges. The authors indicated that those in the army are often faced by traumatizing situations in the course of their career.
Manhapra, A., Stefanovics, E., & Rosenheck, R. (2015). Treatment outcomes for veterans with
PTSD and substance use: Impact of specific substances and achievement of abstinence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 156(15), 70-77.
The authors collected longitudinal data regarding the interplay between substance abuse and abstinence among veterans suffering from the post-traumatic disorder. The data was collected from a population of 22, 948 veterans. It was collected on those who had at most four months to discharge
From the study, the authors noted substance abuse that was recorded before treatment had minimal effects in influencing outcomes when treatment commenced. Abstinence was found to result to positive health outcomes when intervention was initiated through treatment.
References
Boden, M. et al. (2014). Coping among military veterans with PTSD in substance use disorder treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 47(14), 160-167.
Boelen, P.A., Reinjntjes, A., & Smid, G. (2016). Concurrent and prospective associations of intolerance of uncertainty with symptoms of prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and depression after bereavement. Journal of Anxiety Disorder , 41(16), 65-72.
Oglesby, M. et al. (2016). Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of post-traumatic stress symptoms following a trauma event. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41(16), 82-87.
Banduci, A. et al. (2016). The impact of intolerance of emotional distress and uncertainty on veterans with co-occurring PTSD and substance abuse. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41(16), 73-81.
Manhapra, A., Stefanovics, E., & Rosenheck, R. (2015). Treatment outcomes for veterans with PTSD and substance use: Impact of specific substances and achievement of abstinence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 156(15), 70-77.
