Isometsa, E. T., Henriksson, M. M., Aro, H. M., Heikkinen, M. E., Kuoppasalmi, K. I., & Lonnqvist, J. K. (1994). Suicide in Major Depression. American Journal of Psychiatry , 151(4), 530-536.
This journal focuses on suicide victims in major depression such as DSM-III-R. The study examined suicide victims affected by DSM-II-R in one year in Finland. Isometsa et al. (1994) utilize the method of the psychological autopsy to examine suicide victims by focusing on prevention, suicide approach, treatment history, comorbidity as well as suicide intent communication. The journal identifies one of the most significant risk factors that contribute to suicide among men which is alcohol consumption. The study, nevertheless, does not focus on minimizing suicide among women. Such regulatory measures are, however, already available; hence, this can no longer be a viable policy tool for further studies.
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The article will contribute information regarding the risk factors associated with suicide and how to prevent suicide among victims affected by depression.
Greenberg, P. E., Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Leong, S. A., Lowe, S. W., Berglund, P. A., & Corey-Lisle, P. K. (2003). The Economic Burden of Depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 64(12), 1465- 1475.
This report focuses on how the economic burden related to depression has changed from 1990 to 2000 in America. The report focuses on offering a ten-year update on how depression has burdened the United States economically. Paul et al. (2003) uses the approach of human capital to come up with three major cost categories associated with the economic burden of depression. The article shows that the financial burden related to depression have been a bit stable within 1990 to 2000. Within this period, however, the number of people who sought depression treatment increased. The report indicates a gap for further research by demonstrating the additional cost concerning depression such as remuneration for psychiatric assistance, the medical status of the patient, and the painful situation that drives such costs. Awareness and recognition of depression increased by the end of the ten years in addition to increased utilization of cheaper depression treatments. In turn, this led to a positive change in the economic landscape. The article will be used in the discussion to highlight the costs of depression, emphasize the importance of seeking early treatment, and highlight the importance of educating the public about depression and the available treatment options.
Bhatia, S. K., & Bhatia, S. C. (2007). Childhood and Adolescent Depression. Depression , 100, 53.
Bhatia (2007) develops this research with its main imperatives by recognizing the dangers related to adolescent depression and especially while this condition is not treated. The journal confirms adolescent depression to be one of the most common public health situations and related to biomedical and psychological risk factors. The author points out that nearly 75 percent of the adolescent suffering from depression also experience emotional and mental disorders. The research shows that many dangers might occur if adolescent depression is not treated. These dangers include prolonged developmental stagnation, adverse personal relationships, and suicide. The article offers extensive information about the risks of depression, depression risk factors, and comorbidity of depression with other mental disorders. The article will be used to explain the dangers and risk factors of depression to emphasize the importance of treatment and prevention.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological Models of Human Development. Readings on the Development of Children , 2(1), 37-43.
This article focus on the Ecological models of human development. Bronfenbrenner feels that it is vital to consider the whole ecological system that supports growth to understand human development. The article outlines the five subsystems within the social scope that guide and support human growth. It incorporates a conceptual and operational framework which is significant in providing the incentive and basis for taking the field in the right direction. The two models in this article include the model of general ecology and different environments as development contexts. Bronfenbrenner did most of the analysis in this research even though the study is based on the review and integration of other empirical investigations completed many years ago by researchers from different disciplines. The information from this article will be used to highlight the significance of whole-person development as the basis for preventing depression.
Markowitz, S., Chatterji, P., & Kaestner, R. (2003). Estimating the Impact of Alcohol Policies on Youth Suicides. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics , 6(1), 37-46.
Alcohol consumption has been identified as one of the significant risk factors that contribute to youth suicide. This journal focuses on the role of alcohol based policies that focus on reducing suicide among youths and young adults in America. Markowitz focused on two hypotheses, including the relationship between alcohol consumption and chances of suicide and the negative effects related to use and the expense of alcohol. Based on the research, designed policies that aim at minimizing alcohol consumption might have an unintended positive effect of reducing suicide attempts among young men. This research suggests that alcohol policies can be useful in lowering suicide chances, but this does not apply much for female suicides. The study was the first to recognize the importance of state policies in reducing suicide among males. Although the study is limited by its failure to incorporate the impact of psychiatric disorders and the role of illegal drugs on suicides, it offers useful information regarding the importance of policies in preventing suicides. The article will contribute significantly in the area of suicide preventions.
Robins, E., Murphy, G. E., Wilkinson Jr, R. H., Gassner, S., & Kayes, J. (1959). Some Clinical Considerations in the Prevention of Suicide based on a Study of 134 Successful Suicides. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health , 49(7), 888-899.
This study examined 134 suicide cases captured through systematic interviews with close relations such as family/relatives, friends, colleagues, and many others shortly after the suicide act. The study shows that for a prevention program to be practical, it must involve diagnosis and hospitalization for suicide cases. The study, nevertheless, is limited by the absence of prior research addressing all the committed suicides within a specified period in a given geographical area. The author suggests that closed-ward hospitalization is the only hope and effective method of preventing suicide. It is also essential for all the physicians to understand the features of diagnostics related to the manic-depressive disorder. The information from the article will be used in the suicide prevention area to suggest methods of preventing suicide and the role of physicians in suicide prevention.
References
Bhatia, S. K., & Bhatia, S. C. (2007). Childhood and Adolescent Depression. Depression, 100, 53.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological Models of Human Development. Readings on the Development of Children , 2(1), 37-43.
Greenberg, P. E., Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Leong, S. A., Lowe, S. W., Berglund, P. A., & Corey-Lisle, P. K. (2003). The Economic Burden of Depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000?. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 64(12), 1465-1475.
Isometsa, E. T., Henriksson, M. M., Aro, H. M., Heikkinen, M. E., Kuoppasalmi, K. I., & Lonnqvist, J. K. (1994). Suicide in Major Depression. American Journal of Psychiatry , 151(4), 530-536.
Markowitz, S., Chatterji, P., & Kaestner, R. (2003). Estimating the Impact of Alcohol Policies on Youth Suicides. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics , 6(1), 37-46.
Robins, E., Murphy, G. E., Wilkinson Jr, R. H., Gassner, S., & Kayes, J. (1959). Some Clinical Considerations in the Prevention of Suicide based on a Study of 134 Successful Suicides. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health , 49(7), 888-899.
