Every geographical location and its people have unique identities that are influenced by their cultural and political practices. Texas's political culture is influenced by its people, political issues affecting the state, politicians, and the type of leaders they choose. Based on Census Bureau statistics, Texas is a conglomeration of numerous cultures since it has people of different age groups, sexes, races, and origins.
Texas is a unique socialized city because of the composition and demographic of the region. Elazar, Lieske, and Rubin's theory contribute to explaining Texas' unique state culture. The theorists have are state researchers who have recognized the enduring effects of cultural differences on the nation's government institutions, public policies, and political processes in various states across the country ( Lieske, 2012) . Joel Lieske’s theory is the most relevant in explaining the nature and political culture of Texas since it is more complex and puts into consideration the economy and demography of the region. The census results indicate that the area is diverse based on race, ethnicity, place of origin, age, and income capital ( United States Census Bureau, n.d) . The diversity of the state impacts the area's political culture and socialization of the city. Lieske’s theory focuses on behavioral revolution, ethnic competition, ethnic nepotism, evolution theory, and social capital to reach an informed outcome in explaining Texas's political culture and the area's socialization. The census data takes into consideration various factors that impact on economic, social, and political influences of Texas. Unlike the two theorists, Lieske’s theory takes into consideration the behavioral, social, political, economic, and social setup of Texas to reach a detailed conclusion of the state's political culture ( Lieske, 2012) . The diversity of Texas makes it have a unique political culture in the United States and it impacts the residents' political choices.
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Texas |
|
| Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019) |
28,995,881 |
| PEOPLE | |
| Population | |
| Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019) |
28,995,881 |
| Population estimates base, April 1, 2010, (V2019) |
25,146,091 |
| Population, percent change - April 1, 2010 (estimates base) to July 1, 2019, (V2019) |
15.3% |
| Population, Census, April 1, 2020 |
29,145,505 |
| Population, Census, April 1, 2010 |
25,145,561 |
| Age and Sex | |
| Persons under 5 years, percent |
6.9% |
| Persons under 18 years, percent |
25.5% |
| Persons 65 years and over, percent |
12.9% |
| Female persons, percent |
50.3% |
| Race and Hispanic Origin | |
| White alone, percent |
78.7% |
| Black or African American alone, percent (a) |
12.9% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent (a) |
1.0% |
| Asian alone, percent (a) |
5.2% |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent (a) |
0.1% |
| Two or More Races, percent |
2.1% |
| Hispanic or Latino, percent (b) |
39.7% |
| White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent |
41.2% |
| Population Characteristics | |
| Veterans, 2015-2019 |
1,453,450 |
| Foreign born persons, percent, 2015-2019 |
17.0% |
| Housing | |
| Housing units, July 1, 2019, (V2019) |
11,283,353 |
| Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2015-2019 |
62.0% |
| Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2015-2019 |
$172,500 |
| Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2015-2019 |
$1,606 |
| Median selected monthly owner costs -without a mortgage, 2015-2019 |
$514 |
| Median gross rent, 2015-2019 |
$1,045 |
| Building permits, 2020 |
230,503 |
| Families & Living Arrangements | |
| Households, 2015-2019 |
9,691,647 |
| Persons per household, 2015-2019 |
2.85 |
| Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2015-2019 |
84.4% |
| Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2015-2019 |
35.5% |
| Computer and Internet Use | |
| Households with a computer, percent, 2015-2019 |
91.0% |
| Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2015-2019 |
81.9% |
| Education | |
| High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2015-2019 |
83.7% |
| Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2015-2019 |
29.9% |
| Health | |
| With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2015-2019 |
7.9% |
| Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent |
20.8% |
| Economy | |
| In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2015-2019 |
64.2% |
| In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2015-2019 |
57.8% |
| Total accommodation and food services sales, 2012 ($1,000) (c) |
54,480,811 |
| Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2012 ($1,000) (c) |
145,035,130 |
| Total manufacturers shipments, 2012 ($1,000) (c) |
702,603,073 |
| Total merchant wholesaler sales, 2012 ($1,000) (c) |
691,242,607 |
| Total retail sales, 2012 ($1,000) (c) |
356,116,376 |
| Total retail sales per capita, 2012 (c) |
$13,666 |
| Transportation | |
| Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2015-2019 |
26.6 |
| Income & Poverty | |
| Median household income (in 2019 dollars), 2015-2019 |
$61,874 |
| Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2019 dollars), 2015-2019 |
$31,277 |
| Persons in poverty, percent |
13.6% |
| BUSINESSES | |
| Businesses | |
| Total employer establishments, 2019 |
609,476 |
| Total employment, 2019 |
11,104,054 |
| Total annual payroll, 2019 ($1,000) |
611,142,429 |
| Total employment, percent change, 2018-2019 |
2.9% |
| Total nonemployer establishments, 2018 |
2,514,301 |
| All firms, 2012 |
2,356,748 |
| Men-owned firms, 2012 |
1,251,696 |
| Women-owned firms, 2012 |
866,678 |
| Minority-owned firms, 2012 |
1,070,392 |
| Nonminority-owned firms, 2012 |
1,224,845 |
| Veteran-owned firms, 2012 |
213,590 |
| Nonveteran-owned firms, 2012 |
2,057,218 |
| GEOGRAPHY | |
| Geography | |
| Population per square mile, 2010 |
96.3 |
| Land area in square miles, 2010 |
261,231.71 |
| FIPS Code |
48 |
Figure 1: Texas Census Bureau Results
Overall, Texas has a unique political culture because it is a conglomeration of different economic, social setups, races, places of origin, and age groups. Consequently, the most effective theory in explaining Texas’ socialization and political culture is using Lieske’s theory since it promotes diversity and considers various economic, political, and social factors.
References
Lieske, J. (2012). American state cultures: Testing a new measure and theory. Publius: The Journal of Federalism , 42 (1), 108-133.
United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Texas . Census Bureau QuickFacts. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/TX
