Osmosis is the process in which solvent molecules are transported from a low concentrated solute solution into a high solute concentration region through a selectively permeable membrane (Liu et al., 2018). There exist three forms of osmotic solution namely hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solution all of which each has different solute concentration. Osmosis differs from other cell processes in that it only occurs where there is a partially penetrable membrane. Another cell process termed as diffusion refers to the transportation of molecules from an area of dense concentration to an area of scarce concentration. The speed at which this process takes place is mostly affected by the temperature, the concentration gradient between the molecules and the distance a particle has to move. Diffusion differs from the other cell processes in that it does not necessarily require a semi-permeable membrane in order to occur (Sierociuk et al., 2015). The other cell process is facilitated transport, which refers to the impulsive and passive movement of ions across the abiotic membrane through precise proteins transmembrane integral. Because this process is passive, it does not need energy from the cell for transportation. Facilitated transport differs from other cell processes on how the particles or ions get through the membrane of a cell. The last cell process is active transport, which is the conveyance of particles across a cell membrane from a region of the molecules low concentration to a region where they are highly concentrated. This process takes place in contradiction to a concentration gradient and hence needs cellular energy. There are two types of this form of cell process namely primary and secondary both using different forms of energy (Harrison et al., 2019). Primary active transport uses ATP as the main form of energy while a secondary type of active transport uses an electrochemical gradient. Active transport differs from other cell processes in that it requires cellular energy in order to occur because it takes place against the gradient in concentration.
References
Harrison, J. U., Parton, R. M., Davis, I., & Baker, R. E. (2019). Testing models of mRNA localization reveals robustness regulated by reducing transport between cells . BioRxiv, 533133.
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Liu, P. I., Chung, L. C., Fang, C. H., Ho, C. H., Shao, H., Huang, M. S., ... & Yang, T. J. (2018). U.S. Patent Application No. 15/392,281.
Sierociuk, D., Skovranek, T., Macias, M., Podlubny, I., Petras, I., Dzielinski, A., & Ziubinski, P. (2015). Diffusion process modeling by using fractional-order models. Applied Mathematics and Computation , 257, 2-11.
