Answer to Question 1
During the fourth century CE, the portrait of Jesus as a “Wholly God” brought elusive debates among Christians of that time. There were those who saw Jesus as a researcher rather than Jesus of Nazareth. This was a period during which Christians were eager to know who Jesus really was, especially within the Council of Nicaea where leaders engaged in political debates to prove if his presence was divine to human. This means that there were controversies that were developed in the attempt to prove that Jesus was divine, such as they were challenged by to defend Jesus as being divine to human on one side and Constantine’s projection about Christ as a researcher who was on a quest to unite Christian societies. From this view, it appears that the fourth century CE was a period that scholars and believers engaged in debates to prove the real identity of Jesus.
Answer to Question 2
The scene from Eusebius captures the picture of men of God who were entering a palace that was heavily guarded that even the men of God would be restricted from entering and meeting with the Emperor. This scene is a sharp contrast to ideas that were supported by even the Constantine societies, which included the Emperor’s companions. If Jesus was seen as a researcher by the Emperor who had the freedom to enter the palace, then there was no need for the heavy security at the entrance. However, this scene conveys the idea that Jesus was not welcome in the place, so was the men of God who passed by the guards. There is an irony that despite the men of God facing such restrictions, they did not fear to face the Emperor. This is revealed through the statement that says that “one must have thought that the Kingdom of Christ was foreshadowed and that it was a dream rather than a reality.
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Answer to Question 3
From the mean that the title of John Dominic Crossman’s article, he portrays Jesus as Jewish peasant who despite emerging from a peasant culture, was able to break up the hierarchical structure and authoritarianism of the Roman Empire and spread the Gospel of God. In the scene at the Council of Nicaea, it seems the Council leaders were not accommodating to the men who were in the palace to defend Jesus’ testament. In fact, the council was celebrating the conclusion that had been reached regarding the description of Jesus as a researcher and a man of God. Initially, bishops would come together and meal with Jesus to celebrate Christianity. However, during the meeting of the Council of Nicaea, bishops joined the meal with the Emperor himself, which was an absolute betrayal of Jesus.
The answer to Question 4
When Crossman says that this scene is a betrayal of Jesus, he means that most times are when Christians would join with Jesus and have a meal together, implying that they were devoted to spreading the Gospel of Jesus. However, in this scene, Christians abandoned their faith in Jesus and joined the Council in celebration to define Him as a researcher. This is shocking to Crossman because his book covers the story of Jesus and the way crowds of people could follow and trust him as a symbol of the divine to human. This is indicated in a text that comes after the excerpt in which reveals that all hopes of Jesus might have died in the hills of Lower Galilee.
