Human error is depicted as the unintentional action or decision that individuals make whether in terms of job description or in daily practices. In this case, they may occur in three forms, slips of action and lapses in memory which are skill-based errors and mistakes which may be in the form of rule-or knowledge-based. These errors are contrary to violations which are the intentional failures that human beings may perform hence considered deliberate action. Slips and lapses are errors that may occur when conducting familiar tasks usually because of diverted attention to the task (Cohen, Wiegmann, & Shappell, 2015). For instance, one may omit a step in a series when conducting a task as when one forgets to switch on the kettle before making a cup of tea. Such an occurrence is a slip as one is not doing what they are meant to do while lapses are instances of forgetfulness midway through a task. Removing you mask to speak to a co-worker but forgetting to putting back on when going back to work can be considered a lapse.
The term HFACS is an acronym for Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, which is a human error framework used to investigate and analyze human factors aspects in aviation. The tool is an effective process for assessing the required training and prevention measures that is required in a particular role (Madigan, Golightly, & Madders, 2016). It helps describe human error that may occur in each of the four different levels of failure including unsafe actions of the aircrew or operators, preconditions of unsafe actions, unsafe supervision, and organizational effects. The HFACS method developed that active and latent failures may occur at each level. If at any time one failure occurs at each level it is bound to cause an adverse event (Madigan, Golightly, & Madders, 2016). However, this method was established to identify the failures and correct them hence preventing the incidence of the adversity. This practice means that the HFACS method may be a reactive measure in the current state but proactive to future events.
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References
Cohen, T. N., Wiegmann, D. A., & Shappell, S. A. (2015). Evaluating the reliability of the human factors analysis and classification system. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 86 (8), 728-735.
Madigan, R., Golightly, D., & Madders, R. (2016). Application of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) to UK rail safety of the line incidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 97 , 122-131.
