The history of climate change evolved in the early 19th century, where the ice age discovered. The Ice age is a period where the earth experienced a reduction of temperature, which resulted in the expansion of ice sheets. The land experienced cycles of cold and warm periods that were caused by the earth’s orbit, which is known as Milinkovic cycles. The ice age period led to the formation of a large ice sheet that has resulted in earth crust depression. Due to this, it displaced water from the ocean and also created deep valleys and large lakes.
Recent changes in human activities have dramatically contributed to the climatic changes, and this is evident in the rapid weather changes. However, there are specific past changes linked to the recent activities that disrupt the climatic system, which has led to abrupt changes in climate. Besides, recent changes such as global temperature stand as one of the topmost leading factors to the climatic changes. The earth temperature is rising at a significant level which has resulted in changes in rainfall, rise in sea levels, and quick weather patterns. It is evident in the measurement of the loss of arctic sea ice and shifts in the geographic ranges. The history reconstructed from shreds of evidence of these recent changes in the continuous moderation of the level of global warming because of the greenhouse effect begun from the ancient days.
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Climate changes are affected by factors such as oceanic circulation, solar radiation, and biotic processes and human-induced alterations. Again, earth climate caused by changes in the interaction between atmospheres and other chemicals, biological and geographical factors within the earth surface. In these cases, it may lead to rapid changes that may cause negative impacts on human. According to Hardy, (2003), some of the extreme weather conditions are brought about by the factors associated with the interruption of the earth climatic system, for instance, the flooding, high temperatures, rise in sea levels, and drought.
Global warming has led to ozone depletion, which has significantly contributed to health issues for humans, especially for those in developing countries. Besides, climate change also contributed to the loss of diversity, where the level of food production has become a problem. Again, the spread of infectious diseases has increased since it has an impact on health. However, all these negative factors mainly contribute to human activities. The world water system is also directly affected by climatic change.
Some of the variables that have caused the climatic change include rising global temperatures, use of fossil fuel, and nuclear power. Rising global temperatures is a result of the greenhouse effect that traps heat and prevents it from leaving the earth’s atmosphere. High temperature has a vital effect on human, where it causes excessive sweating and rapid heartbeat. It has led to death arising from heatstroke and cardiovascular diseases. Use of fossil fuel is also a contributing factor in the climatic change linked to human activity. Again, the burning of fossil fuel generates the energy needed for cars and lighting. Some of these fossil fuels include oil, coal, and natural gas.
The fossil fuel emission has a significant effect on the pollution of the environment through different channels (Kellogg 2019) . Even though some countries have developed ways on how to prevent this pollution, its adverse effects are still noticeable. Uses of fossil fuel have brought about water pollution, land degradation, and air pollution. Climatic changes in these cases result from the excessive emission of carbon which traps heat in the atmosphere. Again, the ocean acidification weakens the ocean shells and also affects the marine organism. Nuclear power recognized as one of the lowest emitters of carbon dioxide, which has dramatically prevented greenhouse effect.
Also, it is the largest producer of electricity which conventionally limits the increase in temperatures. However, no evidence shows that it does not have any other effect on climate change. Scenarios for initiating change can be through the implementation of preventative methods of eliminating carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The negative consequences of uncertainty are that the factors associated with the effects of the change are not guaranteed. Minder et al. (2018) discuss that the positive side will limit the impact caused if implemented earlier.
Reference
Hardy, J. T. (2003). Climate change: causes, effects, and solutions. John Wiley & Sons.
Kellogg, W. W. (2019). Climate change and society: consequences of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Routledge.
Minder, J. R., Letcher, T. W., & Liu, C. (2018). The character and causes of elevation-dependent warming in high-resolution simulations of Rocky Mountain climate change. Journal of Climate, 31(6), 2093-2113.
