Technology has become a critical aspect of human life. Human beings rely on modern technologies for the effective performance of various tasks. The effects of have become an issue of grave concern in the contemporary world. The aim and objective of this study is to identify the various positive and negative impacts of technology on human memory and intelligence. The research question is “What are the effects of various technologies on human development: memory and intelligence?” The hypothesis is, “The symbiotic relationship between human beings and technology promotes memory enhancement and increased human intelligence.”
Clowes, R., 2015. Thinking in the cloud: The cognitive incorporation of cloud-based technology. Philosophy & Technology , 28 (2), pp.261-296.
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Clower examines the impact of E-memory technologies on human memory and levels of intelligence. An examination of the interaction between E-memory and biological, or –memory systems are also conducted. Clower argues that E-memory systems can facilitate a number of human memory processes such as the reminiscing, recovering, reflecting, and remembering. The author argues that E-memory systems enter into the virgin terrain of the mind by reforming the pre-existing and continuously developing bio-technological intricacy of the brain. Furthermore, the article introduces researchers to Cloud Tech technologies, which offer personalized computer services that facilitate mental processes. The technologies transform the human cognitive profile, as well as the styles and scopes of thinking. The paper is targeted at making an identification of the various implications of the frequent use of cognitive technologies in the gratification of routine tasks and functions which were in the past, performed solely by the brain. The authors employ a qualitative research method for data collection. The scope focuses on the effect of the human overreliance on E-memory and cognitive technologies. According to the authors, human beings have become reluctant to use their brains, which hinder memory retention, and intelligence. Clower argues that people today feel no need to retain any information since it is readily accessible online. People no longer have the ability to recall, due to the presence of technologies such as Google search, which makes any information accessible. Consequently, the inability of people to retain memory and effectively think, impacts a decline in their levels of intelligence. The article is highly relevant for my research since it provides relevant information as well as useful examples to promote a deeper understanding of the impact of technology on human memory and intelligence. The chief drawback of the paper is that it fails to provide sufficient proof of its claims since no experiments have been conducted to test the hypotheses. Lan, Y.J., Chen, N.S., Li, P. and Grant, S., 2015. Embodied cognition and language learning in virtual environments.
Lan et al. explore the impact of Virtual Environments (VE) in promoting vocabulary acquisition, comprehension, and retention in second language learners. The research is aimed at identifying the effectiveness of virtual environment in memory enhancement. The authors advocate for context-dependent social relations since it offers an L2 learners fundamental framework for the attainment of an L2. Furthermore, the researchers argue that the development of cognitive processes is reliant on tightly coupled systems, which occasion effective interactions between human beings and their immediate environment. Apparently, VE facilitates the individual whereabouts of avatars and the relations between the student and the virtual environment. The authors argue that these environments offer individuals an extensive learning experience. Lan et al. examine the effectiveness of VE in stimulating memory retention of ninety Chinese words in thirty-one monolingual English speakers. The results indicated proliferation in learning for the individuals in the virtual environment framework, as opposed to the traditional one. The handheld sensor-based vocabulary game was deemed effective in augmenting the levels of the participant’s enthusiasm and performance. The main research method used in this article is experimentation. The scope focuses on the relationship between VE and memory retention. The article is effective for use in my research since it addresses the effect of modern technologies on memory improvement. Moreover, the article provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the association between embodied reasoning, and language learning in virtual environments. The article concludes that the performance, motivation, and memory retention of L2 learners can be improved through language learning in virtual environments.
Oktay, S. and Çakir, R., 2013. The Effect of Technology Supported Brain-Based Learning on Students' Academic Achievement, Retention Level, and Metacognitive Awareness. Journal of Turkish Science Education , 10 (3).
Oktay & Cakir attempt to determine the effectiveness of the use of technology to supplement brain-based learning for memory retention and increased intelligence levels. The authors employ a quasi-experimental design as the primary research method. The scope focuses on the impact of the use of technology in memory enhancement and intelligence when it is used to supplement brain-based learning. Oktay & Cakir argue that brain-based learning is more productive and enduring when it appeals further to the senses in learning. They further argue that the effective employment of technology in teaching promotes learning that immensely applies to numerous senses, making learning more efficient, as well as lasting. In the experiment, the experimental group is trained using lesson plans and undertakings that are in accordance with brain-based education, complemented by the technological support. Learning takes place for a period of six weeks. The results indicate a substantial variance in the experimental group since the participants were fruitful in science and technology classes. Similarly, the results showed an augmentation in the retention levels of science and technology in the experimental groups. According to Oktay & Cakir, the use of technological support in brain-based learning is useful in activating the idle sections of the human brain, since it stimulates the use of both parts of the brain. The article is significant since it displays the influence of technology on not only memory retention, and increased intelligence levels, but also in fostering the academic achievement of students. The article is therefore relevant and very effective for use in research.
Pacauskas, D. and Rajala, R., 2017. Information system users’ creativity: A meta-analysis of the link between IT use and creative performance. Information Technology & People , 30 (1), pp.81-116.
Pacauskas, & Rajala examine the effect of computers in stimulating an individual’s levels of creativity, or intelligence. This is the primary aim of the research. Furthermore, the research method employed includes drawing on theories of flow and cognitive load to develop a framework for predicted influences. It is argued that technology offers new modes of expression by promoting a fascinating performance. The researchers argue that approximately six percent of a person’s creativity is based on the individual himself/herself since the remaining ninety-four percent of this creativity is contingent on supporting systems. Furthermore, Pacauskas & Rajala argue that technology use augments a creative individual’s potentials and capacity to explore new domains. Technology is therefore referred to as a creativity enhancer. The authors claim that the information system can occasion extremely innovative and productive ideas as opposed to out-of-date paper-and-pencil tactics. IT devices provide individuals with high order tasks. The scope of the meta-analysis focuses on determining the influence of technology on enhancing creativity. Nonetheless, all the relevant articles included in the study failed to provide an effective link between information systems and creative performance. Nonetheless, all the articles studied in the meta-analysis designated that information systems heightened people’s creativity by making them more involved in tasks, which enables them to acquire extensive and valuable information. Nonetheless, the information in the article is useful since it will act as the base for my research on the influence of information systems, on human creativity and intelligence levels. The main limitations of the research are that it examines what has been long assumed, as opposed to what is empirically tested. Nonetheless, the article provides researchers with some form of enlightenment in an area that has not been thoroughly studied.
Wilmer, H.H., Sherman, L.E. and Chein, J.M., 2017. Smartphones and cognition: A review of research exploring the links between mobile technology habits and cognitive functioning. Frontiers in psychology , 8 , p.605.
Wilmer, Sherman, & Chein explore the lasting negative impacts of smartphones on an individual’s capacity to focus, think, and remember as well as to retain information. The primary aims of the article are to explore the effect of smartphones on enhancing or supplanting diverse cognitive functions. An experimental and quantitative research method is employed in the study. The article reviews a number of quasi-experimental and correlational studies. Furthermore, the authors stress the tendency of individuals in the modern day to over-rely on their devices for information storage. In a particular study included in the research, participants were divided into two groups. All the participants were instructed to type a number of freshly learned trivia details into a computer since they would be able to retrieve the information later. Half of these individuals were told that the information stored on the computer would be erased, which forced them to go through the information keenly, storing it in their long-term memory. When a recall test was given, those who had been told that the information would be erased performed significantly better, as compared to those who stored their information in the computers, since they found no need of memorizing the words. The scope focuses on the influence of technologies human laziness and the inability to retain information, impacting a reduction in their levels of intelligence. The article is useful since it gives a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the symbiotic relationship that exists between human beings and technology, which has inhibited memory retention and increased levels of intelligence. The main drawback of the research is that most of the articles reviewed used questionnaires as the primary method for data collection, meaning that the information provided cannot be fully relied on, due to the high risk of bias.
Tool to measure intelligence: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Adults
References
Clowes, R. (2015) 'Thinking in the cloud: The cognitive incorporation of cloud-based technology'. Philosophy & Technology , 28 (2), pp.261-296
Lan, Y., Chen, N., Li, P. and Grant, S. (2015) 'Embodied cognition and language learning in virtual environments'. Educational Technology Research and Development , 63(5), pp.639-644.
Oktay, S. and Çakir, R. (2013) 'The Effect of Technology Supported Brain-Based Learning on Students' Academic Achievement, Retention Level, and Metacognitive Awareness'. Journal of Turkish Science Education , 10 (3)
Pacauskas, D. and Rajala, R. (2017) 'Information system users’ creativity: A meta-analysis of the link between IT use and creative performance'. Information Technology & People , 30 (1), pp.81-116
Wilmer, H.H., Sherman, L.E. and Chein, J.M. (2017) 'Smartphones and cognition: A review of research exploring the links between mobile technology habits and cognitive functioning'. Frontiers in psychology , 8 , p.605
