What are the three main reasons why urbanization was limited between 1949 and 1980 in China?
Urbanization in China was limited between 1949 and 1980 due to three major reasons, which included the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution as well as the challenges that accompany the Soviet Union. The Great Leap Forward was an economic movement that was geared towards transforming the nation into a modern society. In the early nineties, China experienced great industrialization that has seen its economy rise to date. The government was extremely aggressive to deal with any crises and challenges that accompanied this phase of industrialization. Urbanization in China was limited to between 1949 and 1980 (Levi, 2013). That was an important step by the Chinese government to standardize the phase of urbanization.
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The Cultural Revolution was a socio-political movement that was experienced in China between 1966 and 1977 (Zhang, De Roo, & Van Dijk, 2015) . The objective of the movement was to sustain true communist ideology in the nation by the cleansing of capitalists as well as customary aspects from Chinese society. They were to reinforce Maoist perspective as the leading ideology within the movement. The government came up will policies to regulate the migration of the rural people so that they could not access the cities but remain in their places to retain the cultural values of the community (Levi, 2013). The government regulated all the issues associated with migration during that period. The government was completely supporting the industrial revolution in that period.
At the beginning of the industrial revolution, new cities were formed very quickly. This introduced the ecological and environmental problems that the country was going through that time. After 1949, the procedure for creating new cities was so different and there was no determined criterion. Consequently, several cities came up. The local government came up with the ‘Decision on the Establishment of City and Town Government” in June 1955 to regulate this non-standardized urban development ( Kirkby, 2018) . The rural to the urban movement was limited to this time between 1949 and 1980.
What specific tasks did the Chinese government perform regarding urban planning during this period?
The government of China was very instrumental in urban planning during this era. To begin with, they regulated the process of urbanization as well as integrating several policies to control the entire system. Levi (2013) explains that politics and public policy were very critical in terms of determining the process of urban advancement in China. The government cannot be left out in its robust push towards the rise of the urban population. The government took charge of all the aspects concerning urban system advancement, city system advancement as well as the short-term spreading of the urban population.
Has the urbanization movement in China been balanced regionally? Why or why not?
China’s urbanization movement has been balanced regionally. This is so since the government delayed in the process of its urbanization when it took note of the rural regions. Immediately it realized that its stability was being lost and the cities being formed were quickly rising only on particular reasons (Levi, 2013). This was balanced by enforcing a rigid criterion to transfer a town to its remote places.
What are some challenges that the Chinese government face regarding sustainable development?
The major challenge that the government underwent were that of ensuring ecological balance during the industrialization process. The process of industrialization was accompanied by the emission of carbon wastes into the environment that contaminated the environment, as well as healthy living. Another challenge was that the difficulties that the government underwent to give an efficient workforce to be involved in the industrial revolution ( Kirkby, 2018) . The most difficult part was dealing with the movement of people in an effort to depopulate the large cities so that they are turned to medium ones. There was also an imbalance in terms of wealth distribution such that the gap amid the rich and the poor was so large. Since the government committed to ensuring a sustainable development, it embraced all such challenges with impressive competence.
What options are available to the Chinese government as it relates to urban planning techniques?
The government of China has some alternatives that are open to them as it relates to urban planning techniques. They can ensure that an ecological balance accompanies urbanization so that less carbon (IV) oxide are released to the environment. They can choose a regionally stable framework before it is implemented (Levy, 2013). That is, projects must be examined progressively so that their impacts on the environment and people are evaluated. More priority should be given to regulating the population flow in place of depopulation. The government should support the utilization of new technology to urbanize other sections of the nation that are underdeveloped.
References
Kirkby, R. J. (2018). Urbanization in China: town and country in a developing economy 1949- 2000 AD . Routledge.
Levy, J.M. (2013). Contemporary urban planning (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson- Prentice Hall Press.
Zhang, S., De Roo, G., & Van Dijk, T. (2015). Urban land changes as the interaction between self-organization and institutions. Planning Practice and Research , 30 (2), 160-178.
