The description of social responsibility concept can be given through different ways. However, there exist two primary schools of thought which do reflection on either the socioeconomic view or the classical view. The classical view is related directly to the social obligation. Thus, the classical view states that a corporation ought to meet the several legal and economic responsibilities. Its responsibility is only to do maximization stockholder’s profits. In other ways, when extra measures are performed by an organization by doing the social good, passing them to the consumers would cost it some money when passing them through profit minimization or through prices which are higher (Nada Sarkis, 2013) . Alternatively, the socioeconomic perspective states that the organizations ought not to making profits only, but also, they have the responsibility of preserving the surrounding and also improve the well-being of the urban community. Such perspective is due to the concept that organizations are the society’s integral part and are solely not responsible toward stockholders, but also, they are responsible towards the environment and also the society at large. However, basing on the above perspective, the organizations have socially responsible to the society and give back to the urban community (Nada Sarkis, 2013).
The corporate social responsibility is at the moment playing an important role in the determination of the society’s suitable perception. However, according to Robin D, (2000), the CSR needs a deep knowledge concerning the society which enables the different corporations to augment meticulously the benefits on the side of the society. Apart from profit generation, the corporations are socially responsible towards the society (Wheelen T, 2005) . Nowadays, the customers strongly appreciate the companies engaged in the social activities. Advertising of activities of the CSR is a significant tool of a unique and an unbeaten CSR campaign (Roy, 2001) . The authors who work on the topic of CSR had different outlooks concerning the corporation’s responsibilities towards the societies. Furthermore, the topic contemporary initiate studies and draws attention for the several researchers (Nada Sarkis, 2013) . Also, according to (Nader, 2000) . The CSR concept is required by almost all organizations. Thus, corporations have many obligations to the communities they operate at. In the year 1969, Nader distended his CSR movement through his statement that the corporations ought to use their capabilities of financial in a voluntary way for the society’s welfare. Similarly, focusing on wealth by investors should not occur as their primary activities. Therefore, the corporations should significantly be active in activities which are charitable and also in the concerns on the environment.
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Nowadays, the main awareness concerning the volatility and the fragility of the natural environment has been growing progressively. The global concerns concerning the continuity and the sustainability are placed on the post. It has always been known quite well that from time to time of doing business, it is possible that a company can harm the surrounding through the daily work activities. However, organizations ought to assume responsibility, and instead consider the minimization of their footmark towards the natural environment. In reality, all the types of an organization; not-for-profit and for-profit takes considers throughout their innovative ways and decisions for optimal resources’ usage, including water and energy consumption. Basing on such a scope, a situation of win-win would arise over the low usage of resources and the increased profits and alternatively, minimize the effects of activities which are not necessary and which harm the surrounding. However, a lot of governments have in their legislation, adopted the obligation for the natural environment to be preserved and also for the society’s welfare to be improved hence giving back to the society. Moreover, the eager of organizations is to integrate the yearly report of sustainability and do the publication of it as a way of improving its position and image as a society’s active member in the preservation of the surrounding.
Here is a unique view regarding the social responsibility. It has been proclaimed that Organizations should work for the maximization of value. Consequently, from the philosophy that the managers performing the activities which are charitable by using their corporation’s budget are termed as criminals. However, basing on that philosophy, it does not imply that the organizations must deteriorate the society or engage in any conduct which is unethical but it is that, upon showing the situation of a healthy financial, the organization would perform directly to the public good (Friedman, 2005) . Similarly, it is proposed that and the economic elements are said to be the major aspects of the responsibility of a firm. The legal and economic terms are also affirmed that both the legal and the economic terms fail to constitute the sole obligations of a company. Consequently, the good-hearted and ethical faces are included in the completion of such responsibilities. Companies contain important obligations of the economy. Thus, corporations have to work to raise their shareholder’s wealth through profit maximization. Furthermore, the corporation’s legal responsibilities are that their acknowledgment should be in a manner which is meticulous. As it had been mentioned previously, the element of ethics constitutes the corporation’s third aspect, that is, the corporate citizenship; the letter includes respect of the moral standards in the place of work so as to preserve a safe and comfortable environment. Finally, philanthropy gives a reveal concerning corporations that they are free to carry out any charitable activities so that the society’s care is met (Carroll, 2000) .
According to several economists, there has always been an assumption on income as an antecedent of giving. Contrary, the philosophers and the leaders of religion asserted that giving is a means of getting wealth and prosperity (Brooks 2007). According to several psychologists, the deeds of charity can, in turn, become productive in the lives of people and in turn, confidence, and self-esteem is enhanced, and also a likelihood of experiencing and succeeding a life which is prosperous (Bandura, 2000) . The charitable activities like volunteering and giving strengthen the networks of society between people. Such networks have similar importance for the exercise of physical health but not smoking. Hence according to studies, it has been proven that the social people enjoy and live a longer span of life and also experiences a happier lifestyle. Generally, good health, happiness, and charity, are always associated together. It was also confirmed that by helping others, brings about positive results of health and the givers would most likely benefit more than the receivers in physical and emotional improvement after offering their time through philanthropic acts. Hence, through charity, a lot of benefits are unleashed towards givers themselves (Schwartz, Meisenhelder, Ma, & Reed, 2003).
Looking at the Lebanon violence which occurred for a long time, Lebanon is at the moment still experiencing reconstruction process and trying to overcome obstacles like unethical and corrupt in both the private and public sectors. CSR as a concept depends on corporate governance in Lebanon. The need to apply CSR has been increasing and is recognized in the community as a significant potential to the private sector for the corporate consultants and the decision makers. However, companies in Lebanon became sensitive and begun to adopt to the socially and ethically responsible actions after identifying to be part of society and that they should be involved more and that they should be responsible for the society. In efforts for improvement of the Lebanon’s situation of CSR, the government became active in the campaigns towards ensuring that people were aware of the CSR initiatives and also implement exemptions of tax on activities of CSR. Extra institutions of government had to help in fostering and building of CSR networks (Nada Sarkis, 2013).
Basing on the sector of education, the elementary notion of social responsibility assumes management of the university alongside moral and legal standards. Many of them tend to understand clearly by emphasizing on having professional and qualified workers who have high levels of culture and ethics. Explaining social responsibility basing on the perspective of higher education, many publics contemplate the provision of information and knowledge to educate the community and also shaping the coming educated, qualified and ethical personnel is a remarkable social responsibility (Nada Sarkis, 2013) . Thus, according to others, they argue that institutions have to in addition to their knowledge about social responsibility, have extra activities like fine arts and culture support by running forums and galleries and organizing concerts, protection of the environment though it is expensive for instance limiting emissions of carbon, recycling papers, plastics and cans, increasing green sparks and spots within the university, actions for health care, actions for the offspring that is, assisting them in their education scholar, support for sport by not only maintaining the physical education, but also leading a healthy and sporty lifestyle among the employees and students, disabled actions that is making available the school facilities to allow the disabled to get to school freely, charity support through donation gathering into red cross and supporting the needy children and also being involved more in making decisions and finally information society actions by upgrading the computer labs and disposing the old computers (Nada Sarkis, 2013) . It has also been identified from the 50 Global schools of business, as ranked by the financial times, a third of the schools responding need the CSR coverage, Ethics and Sustainability in their syllabi (Christensen L.J., 2007).
Essentially, the ethical responsibilities are the voluntary corporation's actions to pursue and support the social goals going beyond their lawful responsibilities. Such goals are significant to the society or also to the different stockholders in the society, but their pursuit and promotion are beyond company’s immediate interest if financial (Shabana, 2010) . The significance of such goals to the society can from interest presence be inferred to pinpoint them and report and measure the performance of a corporate concerning them. Perhaps, the most and widely accepted and known corporate performance measure concerning the social goals is Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini (KLD) the index of social performance. The index of KLD covers the performance of corporate concerning the social, governance and social issues. Additionally, the index contains the controversial measures of business issues (Shabana, 2010) The KLD index covers corporate performance regarding environmental, social and governance issues. In addition, the index includes measures for controversial business issues. The social issues are product and human rights, employee relations, diversity, and community. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) offers another framework for assessing the CSP. In addition to the environmental and social indicators, it’s also reporting sustainability guidelines Pinpoints the four classifications of the indicator’s social performance that are the human rights, decent work and labor practices, product and society responsibility. Both the index of KLD and GRI sustainability guidelines of reporting give an indication of the stakeholder and societal concerns’ presence, concerning the performance of a corporate pertaining to the social objectives (Markus J. Milne, 2006).
The philanthropic responsibilities are evident in practice. The philanthropic/discretionary business responsibilities encompass the actions of corporate which respond to the expectations of a society that the business should be a good corporate business citizen. It includes engaging actively in the programs or acts in order to promote the welfare of human or the good will (Carroll A. , 2000) . A lot of businesses offer donations focused on the several causes like an improvement, community, education, and culture and arts (Seifert, 2004) . According to the Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy (CECP), they gave that, from the survey of 2007, the total giving median of fortune of 100 companies were got to be $46.31 million, containing 71% of 100 fortune companies which gave extra than they had done in the year 2006. It was also observed that in the United Kingdom only, the companies which were publicly leading in trading offered donations to the organizations which were not for profit in the year 2004 and 2003 whose valuation was done in excess of $1.6 billion which were closely equivalent to the companies’ 1% pre-tax profits’. However, the philanthropy of corporate was not the first phenomenon. From the studies, it was reported that the philanthropy of corporate like the profit’s percentage, had an average of 1.3% in the year 1999. The corporate philanthropy was also in scope, global. A lot of corporations got engaged in the activities of philanthropy which were directed at the alien recipients. A total of 500 fortune companies offered donations to be used in relieving disaster in the United States, South Asia, and Kashmir (Muller, 2009) .
Based on the literature above, I conclude that it is the role of the government as well as the education institutions to extend the CSR importance among communities and the general public as a whole. Also, the corporations should also be socially responsible the community besides the generation of profits. It is also seen that the customers tend to appreciate strongly the companies who get engaged in the social responsibilities, like ensuring that the roads in the urban areas are in good conditions, assisting the disabled individuals acquire education and get their basic needs. However, when a company gives back to the urban society, the consumers are happy about them hence attracting more customers. Thus, it is also seen that it is essential to create awareness by advertising about the activities offered by CSR hence is a significant tool of a unique and an unbeaten CSR campaign.
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