Hormones have significant impacts on organizational effects leading to sexual development. According to Carlson and Birkett (2016), organization effects are permanent effects of hormones in the body. This is an implication that changes that are evident through organizational effects are witnessed in a particular time in life and remain throughout the life of the individual. Most notable changes occur during the puberty stage. Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone are the most common hormones that are associated with organizational changes leading to sexual development. These hormones are the determinants of whether the body and the brain will develop female or male characteristics. Carlson and Birkett (2016) contend that reproductive behaviors are dimorphic, and thus, they vary systematically in females and males. Therefore, the Mullerian hormones promote the growth of the Mullerian system while androgens encourage the development of the Wolffian system. These changes confirm that, indeed, hormones are significant in organizational effects. In return, organizational effects determine sex development in individuals.
On the other hand, activational effects also emanate from seasonal hormones. This is an implication that, unlike organizational effects, activational effects are temporary with the presence or absence of a specific hormone. Activational hormones are reversible and in most instances, are triggered by the surrounding environment. The effects of hormones leading to activational effects are very significant in sex development. This is because their occurrence may halt or bolster certain changes during sex development. For instance, a general example of these effects can be shown through steroid hormones. During early development, steroids permanently arrange the nervous system (McCarthy, 2010). These changes are evident in adult female or male behavior. Besides, during adulthood, the same hormone activates, moderate, and inhibit the set behaviors. Thus, hormones are vital through both organizational and activational effects on sex development.
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References
Carlson, N., & Birkett, M. (2016). Physiology of behavior (12th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.
McCarthy M. M. (2010). How it's made: Organizational effects of hormones on the developing brain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology , 22 (7), 736–742. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02021.x.
