The Vedic age or Vedic period is the age in India’s history in which the Vedas who are the oldest consecrated Hinduism texts. The identification of the Vedic age joins to the dubious invasion theory of Aryan. This theory claims that North India was initially inhabited by Dravidians who were darker-skinned and were believed to have been the founders of the Indus valley ( Kaegi & Arrowsmith, 1886 ). The Dravidians were pushed to the south by invaders who had lighter skin at around sometime in 1,500 B.C.E. The invaders are evidenced to have been based in Arian regions; some of whom moved east and others west thus the present day Indo-European languages resultant from their ancient tongues are cousins linguistically. In addition to the discussed, this theory elucidates some resemblance amid “the ancient Iran religion of Zoroastrianism” and Vedas content. In contradiction to this theory that is industrialized from F. Max Muller’s linguistic work is the lack of stories or traditions that describe such traditions. According to this theory, Vedic literature should have started as a tradition that is oral primarily industrialized outer India. Kak, Frawley, and Feuerstein are among the people that rejected the invasion theory at variance that it was nothing more than “scholarly version” ( Kaegi & Arrowsmith, 1886) . Another theory that was proposed by a writer in the 19 th century, Pococke, he argued that “The Greek language is a derivation from Sanskrit; therefore Sanskrit speaking people, that is, Indians, must have dwelt in Greece, and they must have been primitive settlers” ( Kaegi & Arrowsmith, 1886). According to Edward, the “religion, rivers,” “mountains,” “philosophy” and “language” “politics” and “subtle form of intellect,” all showed that Greece was an Indian colony. Edward and the others assume that the visit from Indians backed to ancient civilization in Egypt. The most plausible theory is the Edward theory because it contains evidence that is geographic and linguistically correct that clearly show the link of the origin of Vedic ages to Egypt.
The four noble truths are: “the noble truth of suffering, the noble truth of the origin of suffering, the noble truth of cessation of suffering and origin of suffering, the noble truth of the path that leads to the cessation of suffering and origin and origin of suffering,” ( Kaegi & Arrowsmith, 1886). The truth of the origin of suffering and the reality of suffering echo the present life nature, they continuously function among each. The noble truth of way that leads to cessation and the noble truth of cessation show the view which eradicates suffering and its source. The reality of suffering brings out the quality of distress, pain, anxiety, dissatisfaction and misery that mainly and physically exist within each one of us mentally. Buddha describes the noble truth of the origin of suffering as desire, craving, and attachment. Buddha uses the third truth to show that there are means in which it can be wiped out forever through which the fourth truth demonstrates.
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Gandhi has contributed to contemporary social issues in many ways. In the community of the Hindus at that time, there were differences among the lower and upper casts. Gandhi then said that God exists within the section that is weaker. In accordance Gandhi who lived with the colonies that were sweepers. In regards to Muslims and Hindu, he told that Allah re and Ishvara are the names of one God. He made a prayer to God for the people to be at one with their thinking regarding one God. The social issue of the struggle for freedom, he took the non-violence path instead of the violent path. This issue was at the time when India was struggling to gain independence. These issues on the struggle for freedom leads to political action as Hindus were vigorously campaigning to achieve freedom. This struggle has gone beyond the traditional realm of Hindus up to date as power is becoming an issue due to the battle of maintaining this political freedom.
The contemporary challenges to traditional Buddhism are that some traditions have lost nuns in the Buddhism structures. Another present problem is handling the Western forces rationalism that is being kept in use in the traditions of the Eastern. Buddhists are dealing with the issue of nuns by reminding or teaching women their roles in the Buddha tradition to prevent them from going astray. The other challenge is overcome by increasing monks to stabilize the influence of the Western traditions from corrupting the Eastern cultures.
References
Kaegi, A., & Arrowsmith, R. (1886). The Rigveda: The Oldest Literature of the Indians . Ginn.
Rinehart, R. (Ed.). (2004). Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, culture, and practice . ABC-CLIO.
