Adolescence refers to the intermediary growth stage between childhood and adulthood. It is an evolution period between childhood and adulthood. The biological theory of adolescence is the most appropriate. It entails the scientific perspective, which assumes that adolescence in people starts with biological changes accompanying the puberty ( Leung & Shek, 2019) . Usually, adolescence begins with the onset of the physiologically normal puberty and end after the acceptance of the adult identity and behavior. It occurs during the period between 10 and 19 years, and even 21 years in some cases.
Several factors are known to influence adolescent development. During adolescent, children are faced with emotional instability. Often, adolescents face normal changed, which affects their emotions. Therefore, they tend to be very sensitive, with many of them being nervous and angry quickly. Family factors and environments may tend to influence adolescents during their development. During the period, one might find themselves being inclined to physical activities like playing a particular game or joining the gym based on those around them. During adolescent, children become conscious about their look and appearance, especially women.
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Among the challenges faced by adolescents are self-esteem and body image. Physical changes like increase in height, weight and internal organs are among the changes experienced during the development phase. Usually, these changes, like the development of breasts among girls and voice breaking among boys, are as a result of hormonal release ( Özdemir et al., 2016) . Due to cognitive development, which leads to different perception and perspective in life, adolescents tend to feel ashamed of the changes in their body, leading to low self-esteem.
The best way for all people involved in the life of a child to help them overcome self-esteem challenges is through education. Parents, teachers, and even health practitioners should facilitate communication with the children to explain to them that the processes are healthy and that they should not feel ashamed of them ( Kobak et al., 2017) . Besides, they should be reminded that all people are prone to passing through the stage.
References
Kobak, R., Abbott, C., Zisk, A., & Bounoua, N. (2017). Adapting to the changing needs of adolescents: parenting practices and challenges to sensitive attunement. Current opinion in psychology , 15 , 137-142.
Lata, S., & Devi, A. (2016). Problems and challenges during adolescence. International Journal of Education and Management Studies , 6 (2), 205.
Leung, J. T., & Shek, D. T. (2019). Theories of Adolescent Development: Overview. The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development , 1-12.
Özdemir, A., Utkualp, N., & Palloş, A. (2016). Physical and psychosocial effects of the changes in adolescence period. International Journal of Caring Sciences , 9 (2), 717.
