Theories of Reading and Education Practice-Chapters 9-12

Chapters 9-12 in Direct Instruction Reading by Carnine and his colleagues provides teaching experience to novice teachers and experts by pinpointing the strategies to be used in helping learners with alphabetic writing system problems. The chapters expound on teaching, teaching, why it is necessary to teach, when, how long, and other critical elements to improve teaching and learning outcomes ( Carnine et al., 2017). Theories of reading and educational practice emphasize skill-oriented and teacher-directed strategies. 

The text provides insights on strategies the teacher should use to reinforce the learning outcomes. The successful acquisition of sight-reading, vocabulary, irregular words, and comprehension reading by learners is a step-by-step process. Initially, the teacher should be aware of the specific requirements critical in teaching the selected area at the beginning stage. It helps in creating the scope and sequence of meeting the learning outcomes. The teacher can identify and meet the needs of a diversified population. Note that students have different levels of language understanding. Besides, the instructor should develop teaching procedures that promote language acquisition from the foundational stage to the fundamental step. Like in the context of scope, learners’ differences should be considered. For instance, language acquisition programs for learners with limited language knowledge may be characterized by modeling examples, statement repetition, and literal comprehension and read-aloud to enhance understanding. Also, teachers should assess the effectiveness of the learning strategies. In case the learning outcomes are hitting a stumbling block, potential modifications should be introduced. Direct instruction reading should ensure all students experience a higher level of successful practice through the laid down step-to-step activities ( Carnine et al., 2017). 

Reference 

Carnine, D., Silbert, J., Kameenui, E. J., & Tarver, S. G. (2017).  Direct instruction reading . Columbus, OH: Merrill.