An American popular weekly news magazine, which is published in New York City, has been operational since the year 1923 under Henry Bruce as the influential co-founder. Time Magazine has an article of Beyond 'He' or 'She' 1 : The Changing Meaning of Gender and Sexuality by Kate Steinmetz, which talks about how students in Park city Utah are changing the meaning of gender and sexuality and defining their own different identity labels apart from the normal labels like gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender.
The students have developed new labels that define their sexuality such as pansexual, aromantic, asexual, genderqueer and even two-spirit. The magazine targets both male and female audiences who are well educated enough since the advertisements from the magazine are not based on one particular gender but several.
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Theory of Vocational Choice
In relation to Holland’s Theory of Vocational choice , People fit in one of six personality types; Realistic, investigative, artistic, social, Enterprising and conventional. Within the theory there are also six types of environment that correlate with the six types of personality.
Holland continues to emphasis that those people who choose to work in an environment that is similar to their personality type will seemingly be more successful and satisfied mentally (Sheu, et al., 2010). This is in turn is also observed as an increase contribution to their psychological development as they continue to mature or grow.
The article in Time magazine explains how students are able to interact and form new personalities due to the fact that their environment allows them to do so. The theory of vocational is flexible and can incorporate different combination of personalities such as the ones in the magazine article.
This eventually concludes that a person’s general behavior is ultimately determined by his or her personality in conjunction with the environment in which they have been exposed to from the beginning of their actualization of who they are in terms of gender and their sexuality.
Beauty Myth
According to the theory or argument of Naomi wolf in the Beauty Myth in relation to Time magazine, she explains that women have been enforced pressure to look thin, young and gorgeous as a preventative measure of male power to undermine women and feminists in general.
In the argument Naomi wolf states that eating disorders such as anorexia; accompanied with cosmetic surgery are being used as a weapon to destroy women through expectations of female beauty thereby giving other women pressure of undermining their own self esteem in terms of their sexuality.
Women of today have internalized these myths over the decades and soon have been exploited by being made to feel guilty of the way they look (Gottschall, 2008). Time magazine over the years has had numerous cover pages of women who appear thin, young and gorgeous, which in turn affects the psychology of women in perception to what beauty is.
Women now believe that to be beautiful one needs to have reached a certain level of requirement that media drives at. This kind of view affects the orientation of women’s sexuality and how they relate to other genders across the board. The standards limit women from exploring other possibilities of their own definition of beauty whether they seem thin or not, young or old; it has always been up to them to define it themselves.
Naomi wolf continues to narrate that feminism is what helped women to fight against job discrimination based on their gender. This hypothetically means that if feminism is removed from society, women will never have a way to voice their concerns since that was and is the only way women have confirmed that their male counterparts can remove the aspect of objectifying them.
The theory of beauty Myth is evidently in existence from Time magazine articles, stories and advertisement that show case women as perfect which Naomi wolf states as she elaborates how media perceives women’s sexuality.
Gender and Language
Crawford in the theory/argument of Gender and language expresses social constructionist view in which gender is defined as a system of meaning that mainly is organized by interactions and is governed by both power and resources.
Language is viewed as a strategy, which is used for negotiating for certain social landscapes. The Essential view of Crawford further conceptualizes gender as ones personality, self-concepts and traits.
The article from Time magazine by Kate steimeintz continues to explore gender and sexuality by expressing how different societies have embraced gender and sexuality by coming up with laws that accommodate people who do not fall under gender binary.
Currently Laws in America allow Birth certificates to be either male or female or non-binary. This approach has led to people who do not fall under the normal disparities of gender and sexuality to have rights to belong in society without discrimination despite their sexual orientation or type of gender they belong to
These approaches eventually confine women and men to one set of identity where gender is something women and me have or are (Crawford & Unger, 2019). These then is a constraint on the psychological development of an individual’s gender and his or her ways to communicate and use language if he goes the opposite direction.
The magazine article in Time magazine contradicts the essential approach of Crawford by showing that the students from Utah who identify themselves as bisexual (those who have characteristics of both genders) are within the scope of expressing themselves. The article and Crawford’s view agree on the ways that language is used in justifying behavior and seeking for help where necessary from others.
A good example is the LGBTQ society that advocates for the rights of those who exhibit different personalities depending with their gender and sexuality. Today Media expresses support for those who are from the LGBTQ by advertising of transgender or gay individuals in television and radio platforms.
Testosterone Rules
The argument of Testosterone Rules by Robert M. Sapolsky explains how male have perceived themselves through hormones that are stimulated by a chemical produced in the body, which leads to a lot of aggression as compared to females who have estrogen.
This probably explains why both female and male counterparts who do not secrete the hormone profoundly according to their original birth-gender do not necessarily feel okay; which explains the diversity of different genders as the students of Utah in the article of the Time magazine illustrate.
These analysis shows that the development of the psychology of a person is based on how receptive a person can inhibit both hormones that would determine his or her gender identity, and eventually influence their overall sexuality since the hormone dictates the behavioral change.
The society through the urge to relate males with aggression has pushed male individuals to administer a result of either being male or not, or not being male at all depending on how aggressive they depict in their personality (Sapolsky, 2010).
Based on the Time magazine article, Robert further confirms in his theory, that the lack of secretion or minimal secretion of such hormones in both female and male brings about a somewhat identity crisis away from the normal binary gender rule.
Endocrinology is a situation where the hormone has a permissive effect; likely referred to as a hormone enabling another hormone to act however its speculative to say that if this enabling does not take place, the person experiencing this is likely to have a different orientations which will affect eventually his behavior and sexuality.
Claiming Jezebel
Ayna Byrd, claiming Jezebel elaborates the stereotypes that have cascaded into the lives of young black women and how their gender is seen as insignificant in the presence of both white and black men however it is influenced most by the views of white men in power who dictate their roles; Something which relates to the article where it states that in the older generation most people were told and forced to feel a certain way.
Today women have slogans such as ‘girl “power” and “independent woman’’ that feminists all over the world use to fight sexism that men try to portray belongs to them due to their gender roles in the society.
With young women who are growing up to be mature women, it becomes difficult to change them psychologically once they have been discriminated against their sexuality; and how they are perceived to behave in society (Wendy2015). That is why it is important to instill values and knowledge that would help them prevent subjectivity to their behavior and character once anyone tries to violate them.
According to the argument posed by Byrd, Lil Kim was one of the first artists who opened the way for women to be hard in reference to her music. She had sexual brazen of not caring what her male counterparts in the hip-hop industry would say or do about her sexuality. All she wanted was to inspire other women to be bold in facing adversities such as sexual discrimination among women.
The article from Time magazine also shows that the message that women want to pose to the society is that everyone can be anything, whatever that may be as long as it’s not harmful.
The overall opinion is that intimidation of male sexuality is brought by a demand and urgency for the female sexuality to be considered with the same weight and seriousness.
References
Sheu, H.-B., Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Miller, M. J., Hennessy, K. D., & Duffy, R. D. (2010). Testing the choice model of social cognitive career theory across Holland themes: A meta-analytic path analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(2), 252–264. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2009.10.015
Gottschall, J. (2008). The “Beauty Myth” is no Myth. Literature, Science, and a New Humanities, 127–155. doi: 10.1057/9780230615595_7
Crawford, M., & Unger, R. K. (2019). Gender Issues in Psychology. Companion Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1007–1027. doi: 10.4324/9781315542072-22
Sapolsky, R. (2010). Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour. F1000 - Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. doi: 10.3410/f.2127958.1727056
Wendy. (n.d.). Claiming Jezebel: Black Female Subjectivity Essay. Retrieved from https://www.essaysforstudent.com/term-paper/Claiming-Jezebel-Black-Female-Subjectivity/84655.html
