Compare and contrast these two models in terms of how they conceptualize validity.
The Trinitarian model typically includes three concepts, including criterion-related validity; construct validity and content validity. Most importantly, it provides that construct validity require an individual to engage in three major steps, which include defining the construct, examining the relationships between different observable variables, and examining the connections with a broad range of constructs (Guion, 1980). On the other hand, the unitary model examines validity as a single entity, which should not undergo subdivision.
Identify at least one advantage disadvantage of each model.
According to Guion (1980), one of the major advantages associated with the Trinitarian model involves the fact that it views and examines validity from multiple studies with the sole purpose of ensuring that the test at hand remains valid. On the contrary, its disadvantage revolves around its approach, which categorizes validity into different forms or types, making it difficult for individual students to understand the whole concept of validity. The primary merit of the unitary model is that it places great emphasis on the idea that validity is inseparable, which has received support from most scholars (Messick, 1995). It achieves this by examining six aspects of components of construct validity. The model’s shortcoming involves its focus on strong theory, which remains challenging to learners.
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Decide which model appears to be the most valid for determining the validity of a test.
I firmly believe that the Unitarian model remains the most valid, given it plays a central role in identifying and including every tenet of the Trinitarian model in addition to identifying and integration additional aspects into its consideration. At the same time, Messick (1995) corroborates that it considers different test scores and associated social consequences, which the Trinitarian fails to cover.
Explain your decision in terms of their applications for decision making about a test’s validity.
My decision remains driven by the comprehensive approach taken by the Unitarian model, especially when it comes to investigating and describing validity. As stated earlier, it analyzes each of the six aspects or elements of validity in detail, while at the same time, taking into account the various social consequences of test scores. I understand that test givers should always remain accountable for any ethical considerations made within different testing environments and society.
References
Guion, R. M. (1980). On Trinitarian doctrines of validity: Professional Psychology. Research and Practice, 11 , (3), 385-398.
Messick, S. (1995). Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from person's responses and performance as scientific inquiry into score meaning. American Psychologist. (50) (9), 741-749.
