Kisi, Kottari and Tauro (2018) conducted a comparative study for assessing the socio-emotional adjustment among the adolescents. The objectives of the study were to conduct an assessment of the social and emotional adjustment level among adolescents and comparison of the socio-emotional adjustment among adolescents. It also sought to establish the relationship between social and emotional adjustment among adolescents who were schooling in selected rural and urban pre-university colleges. The study entails a descriptive approach whereas the design utilized was the comparative descriptive design. Purposive sampling was used for selecting the preuniversity colleges while the study sample was chosen using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. Using 500 adolescents from the pre-university colleges, the researcher gathered the data for analysis and interpretation through the Adjustment Inventory for School Students that Singh developed. The responses were either No and Yes for all items. High scores on the AISS were indicative of poor adjustment whereas the low scores indicated healthy adjustment. The lowest score was considered as zero whereas the maximum score was 20 for all the emotional and social adjustment. To observe the relationships, tabulation, analysis and interpretation of the data was done using inferential and descriptive statistics.
The study design holds the assumption that rural and urban adolescents differ substantially on social, college, family and individual oversensitivity area compared to urban adolescents. The uncertainty and lack of belongingness, particularly in rural areas are because of prevailing conditions. In addition, adolescents found in the rural areas lack employment options, career awareness and options which lead to an increase in issues as compared to the adolescents within urban areas. Furthermore, the present study is primarily supported by a descriptive research carried out on adjustment issues among the school learners within rural and urban schools found in Visakhapatnam district. With an F-value of 1.184 (P < 0.05) for social adjustment, the researchers concluded that there was no substantial difference in social adjustment among students in the schools. The present study gets support from a comparative study on some adjustment areas in association with habitat at Ahmedabad District. Basing on the t-values, the study inferred that there was no significant difference regarding the emotional adjustment level among the selected adolescents. Finally, the study was supported with descriptive research on secondary school adjustments. The t-value of students for social adjustment led to the conclusion that there is a relationship between social adjustment levels of adolescents with gender. The research inferred that there was a relationship between emotional adjustment levels of adolescents with type of family and gender.
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Modarres, Nik and Ziaei (2018) contend that sexual self-concept provides acknowledgment of sexual aspects of all persons, derived from the prior experiences, highlight the recent experiences and also guide the sexual behaviors. The study aimed to conduct an evaluation of the association between sexual self-concept and the married women’s attachment styles in Tehran. Using a cross-sectional study design, the study conducted its research on 365 women who had attained reproductive age. The data collection tools were sexual self-concept, demographic characteristics questionnaire as well as the attachment questionnaire. SPSS version 16 was used for doing analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics. The study design was basically descriptive analytical cross-sectional. Iranian women aged between15 and 44 was the study population. For one to be included in the study, they had to be literate, physically and mentally healthy, not having any diagnosed diseases and remaining a client of health centers with an affiliation with Tehran University. Among the study participants, only 400 of them expressed willingness to participate and they were enrolled into the research. The study used the randomized cluster method as the sampling method with an initial 30 Tehran health centers within the region’s Southern districts considered. The Southern districts were then categorized into four clusters of Western, Northern, Southern and Eastern.
Numbering of each cluster’s centers was then done and one health center selected randomly from each cluster using the random number table. Selection of eligible samples continued constantly on all the working days until the samples were completed. The simple randomization method was used for allocating samples into a control group or intervention basing on a random selection of cards. The sealed envelopes were utilized for concealing the random sequences and sampling began after the ethics committee approved the research. Participants with willingness to take part in the study had to sign an informed consent form. After signing the form, the participants were assured that they were free to engage in the study. In addition, in case they had willingness to obtain information regarding their results, they were free to provide their contact information in order for the results to be sent to them via a message. Data confidentiality was also emphasized. Questionnaire distribution was conducted after explanation of the study aims had been done. During completion of the questionnaires, the researcher explained in case the study participants had any questions. Three questionnaires were used for collection of data. The first questionnaire was used for assessment of demographic characteristics while the second one was the Revised Adult Attachment Scale.
Rahdar, Pourghaz and Marziyeh (2018) sought to examine the effect of teaching philosophy for children who were developing self-efficacy and critical thinking. The study population consisted of female first-grade junior high school learners within the 2017-2018 academic year. Among them, a 54 student corpus was chosen as a sample through a convenience sampling method. The experimental group got lessons on philosophy but the control group did not get any training. To gather data, the study used the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Sosu Critical Thinking Disposition Scales were used. Descriptive statistics entailed the calculation of means and standard deviations and application of inferential statistics which were initially pre-test and post-test scores. Differences between scores were obtained by experimental and control groups that were ascertained through independent t-tests. The quasi-experimental study was followed by a pre-post test design that had a control group. In the study, children philosophy was carried out using an experimental group. The convenience sampling method used is among the key features of descriptive study designs. The reason for selecting female students into the sample was informed by the cultural condition of Iran. Sample selection entailed the consideration of students who had diverse ethnic backgrounds from several parts of the city. After consideration of students in various schools, three of the junior high schools that had the best ethnic background representation were selected. The selection of the sample, Zeinabieh was because of cooperation from the principal. Random selection of the control and experimental group was done to eliminate or reduce the probability of bias. The study was a great illustration of the descriptive study design.
References
Kisi, D., Kottari, V., & Tauro, V. G. (2018). Comparitive Study to Assess the Level of Social and Emotional Adjustment among Adolescents. International Journal of Nursing Education , 10 (2).
Modarres, M., Nik, M. M., & Ziaei, T. (2018). The relation between sexual self-concepts and attachment styles in married women: A cross-sectional study. Nursing Practice Today , 5 (1), 237-245.
Rahdar, A., Pourghaz, A., & Marziyeh, A. (2018). The Impact of Teaching Philosophy for Children on Critical Openness and Reflective Skepticism in Developing Critical Thinking and Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Instruction , 11 (3).
