Define Logic
Logic is the concept of rationalizing. Simply, logic advises us how we need to reason correctly (Nybom, 2013; Wang, 1994). Without logic, reasoning can lead to unforeseeable errors.
Explain a specific example of effective decision-making or logical reasoning
In a situation where a businessperson spends half of his profit to restock his business to get more clients, it is clear to him that he will purchase more goods, meaning that he will notice cash flow by the end of the day (Nybom, 2013; Wang, 1994). Play it safe decision-making is visible in this context because instead of having to secure a loan accompanied by hefty interests, he decides to reason out, working with what he has other than getting finances elsewhere.
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Discuss a specific philosopher who used logic.
In 1979, Ron Brachman argued that various primitives used by KR systems could be classified in four levels varying from implementation to linguistic level. He realized an obvious gap in this classification. He suggested an introduction of an intermediate epistemological level in which primitives permit us to detail “…the formal structure of conceptual units and their interrelationships as conceptual units (independent of any knowledge expressed therein)” (Guarino, 1994, p. 1). Brachman exemplified the applied use of logic in systems to improve their efficiency.
Apply logic to a real world situation.
In countries facing drought, instead of taking food to feed the dwellers, the best action to take is digging boreholes for water or coming up with manmade rivers for purposes of farming. This decision goes a long way preventing death due to hunger and planting of trees to attract rain.
Making a decision to substitute materials used out of wood with environmental friendly materials is a logical way of curbing deforestation in third world countries instead of destroying natural habitats. The Amazon forest presents a crucial example of logic.
Deforestation is a persistent problem in the Amazon. Hecht (1993) reasoned that cleared forests in the Amazon could eventually become pasture for livestock. Therefore, logically speaking, clearing the Amazon has a cause-and-effect relationship to the livelihood of the local people. While they used to rely on the forest for their sustenance, logic contends that clearing the forest could eventually lead to multiple outcomes.
Logic allows people to foresee multiple implications of a problem such as clearing the Amazon forest. Consequently, it helps people take mitigating measures to avert disaster. The recent Amazon forest fires show the necessity of applying logic to ensure future implications of human activities do not lead to disaster.
Explain three benefits of logical reasoning.
Executing logical reasoning improves self-control. Concentrating on what is suitable for you other than what you want enhances the mind’s ability to be rational in decision-making (Nybom, 2013; Wang, 1994). Without logic, we would be prey to impulses, similar to animals.
Logical reasoning assists in answering questions in both adults and children. One needs to adopt that act of reasoning to assess a question and come up with an appropriate answer (Nybom, 2013; Wang, 1994). Consequently, logic is a fundamental element of communication and interpersonal interactions.
Logic enhances the mind’s ability to moral decisions in the face of conflicting instances. Logic is crucial in moral decision-making (Nybom, 2013; Wang, 1994). Logic makes man a moral being that can assess the consequences of his actions and take the path that is most conducive to overall well-being.
References
Guarino, N. (1994). The ontological level. Philosophy and the cognitive sciences.
Nybom, J. (2013). Activation and “coercion” among Swedish social assistance claimants with different work barriers and socio-demographic characteristics: What is the logic? International Journal of Social Welfare, 22(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00858.x
Wang, H. (1994). What is logic? Monist, 77(3), 261.
