According to Brännmark (2017), the four principal approaches are also known as principalism because it entails the four principles of ethics that sum up the idea of bioethics. The first principle is the respect of autonomy, which implies that we respect the things that happen to an individual body. This denotes that a patient has the authority to decide the kind of treatment that he wants and the right to decline certain types of medications or therapy. The idea of the patient might not be the best, but it is a decision that must be respected. An example is a Jehovah witness who refuses blood transfusion because of their religious belief. Although the blood transfusion might be the most necessary procedure to save a life, but because of the decision of the patient, we respect it.
Brännmark (2017), Nonmaleficence is the other principle that implies we should not inflict harm through making the most viable decision and abiding by the rules and regulations to keep the patients out of danger. This may include small practices like maintenance of hygiene and following the five rights when administering medication. The third principle is Beneficence, which emphasizes promotion goodness, implying striving at all costs to improve the health of patients depending on the circumstances—finally, justice, which means fairness in patient care and treatment. Also the equal distribution of resources among the patients should be observed (Brännmark 2017).
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In my opinion, these principles should be ranked following the way they appear, with the most critical being respect to autonomy. It is essential to allow the patients to take part in their care, and their decision and choices are crucial and should be respected. With the freedom of choice being granted to the patient, there will be a diplomatic agreement between the two parties. In conjunction with the Christian biblical belief of creation, redemption, and fall, autonomy would come first because God allowed existence on earth and freedom to choose between what is right and wrong. Although God might not agree with our choices, he gives us the ability to choose the paths we will take in life.
References
Brännmark, J. (2017). Respect for persons in bioethics: towards a human rights-based account. Human Rights Review, 18(2), 171-187.
