Developmental Spelling Stages
Ganske DSA provides developmental spelling stages that help in identification of the strengths and weaknesses of a student in spelling and word knowledge. The stages place students in a developmental sequence which ensures helpful instruction is administered. The developmental spelling stages include letter-name stage, Within-Word Stage, Syllables and Affixes stage, and Derivational constancy stage.
In the first stage, students learn final consonant blends and digraphs, affricate sounds like /tr/ and /dr/, short vowels, initial consonant blends, and digraphs, and initial, and finale single consonants. The second phase; Within-Word Stage involves learning of common long vowels like ai, and ay, R-controlled vowels, vowel-consonant-silent e and long vowels, complex consonants like ck and dge, and abstract vowels such as oo, au, and ou. The third stage; syllables and affixes is where students learn doubling where e is dropped and replaced with either –ed or –ing, long vowel patterns and R-controlled vowels when stressing, and unstressed syllable vowel. The final stage; the derivational constancy stage is where students learn silent and sounded consonants like in exhibit, consonant changes like in office and official, vowel changes like in relate and relative, latin derivative suffixes such as –ery and –ity, and assimilated prefixes, for instance, in-, ir-, and tri-.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Differences between Esl and Mainstream Learners
Understanding the differences help teachers to handle better challenges that English as second language learners may encounter as they study. Usually, English language learners differ from the mainstream in the level of proficiency as well as educational backgrounds. In some cases, English language learners have a strong academic background and highly literate as their home country’s school curriculum is ahead. As such, the students are likely to experience academic failure. Additionally, the writing styles and systems may differ even with similar language due to differences in pragmatic, semantic, phonology, morphology, and syntactic.
