The principle of success involves selective attention, spaced repetition and habit formulation to aid an individual to achieve higher results in every task. Optimum attention, formulation of positive behaviors and spaced retention are some of the most effective factors that promise success in the learning field ( Canfield & Switzer, 2009) .
Principle of success related to selective attention
The principle of success in every task is optimum attention; selective attention gives individuals the ability to concentrate less on other factors that bring them closer to achieving or accomplishing particular tasks ( Hanania & Smith, 2009) .
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Selective attention is the ability of individuals to enhance appropriate signals and manage distractions. Primarily, selective attention appears to impact language, math skills, and literacy. The principle of success is paying more attention to one object and consequently paying less attention to others ( Hanania & Smith, 2009) .
Attention is a zero-sum game that leaves less cognitive processes of whatever else is happening in a particular field of view. The principle of success helps students to focus their attention on learning and see a little else.
One can plan to apply the principle of success to achieve learning goals by applying selective attention to learning at the right time and place. For example, as I focused my attention on Calculus, I was able to understand some concepts that were difficult to understand in the past. Learning requires great attention, that’s why I intend to continue employing the principle of success so that I can continue to be less cognitive to whatever else is in the learning field.
Principle of success related to spaced repetition
Spend less time studying by spacing out your studying hours to retain the same amount of what is learned ( 김은주 & Jaekeun Lee., 2011) .
Spaced repetition is one of the most effective techniques that improve the brain’s ability to recall what one had studied. Spaced retention creates a memory phenomenon called the spacing effect, which enhances our brain's ability to learn more effectively when we space out learning over time ( 김은주 & Jaekeun Lee., 2011) .
Learning is just like building a brick wall; if the mansion stacks the bricks up in haste without giving the mortar between each layer to solidify, the wall will end up being weak. By spacing the learning time is just like giving the ‘mental mortar’ time to solidify for a stronger comprehension of whatever learned.
One must involve some breakdowns while learning to strengthen learning; without little forgetting, one cannot get the benefit from further study. Spaced repetition is what allows students to build learning; it’s just like an exercised muscle which can be employed for a successful learning and comprehension. For example, after a vigorous study, I engage in playing basketball or riding my bike just to give my brain some time to comprehend what I had learned, and it's working very well. I intend to strengthen learning through space retention especially in my weak subject.
Principle of success related to the concept of habit formation
Effortful formulation and learning of new behaviors combined with setting clear goals are advantageous to students ( Lally & Gardner, 2013) .
The brain system controls behavior through conscious attention to learning goals, verbalizable rules, and anticipated rewards. Behavior formulation is a cue-driven system that makes individuals learn certain behaviors incrementally over time, through repetition in an action sequence to trigger automatic performance of a particular action ( Lally & Gardner, 2013) . Once the learning behavior is formulated and stored in the memory, our brain no longer needs to engage heavy dependence on effort, motivation, and attention while learning.
In most cases the goal-directed system and behavior pattern work in harmonious and highly efficient collaboration to establish new behaviors that ensure we meet our learning goals. The principle of success allows students to redirect out limited attention, willpower and goal setting to learning ( Lally & Gardner, 2013) . Behaviors that people engage in various ways and for specific intentions are strong predictors of future behavior.
For example, I had not developed further studying habit but through setting specific goals and engaging in further studies frequently in the same setting each time I was able to develop the habit of further studies. To achieve higher in learning, I intend to focus on changing my learning intentions and goals to achieve the effect of limited disruptions.
References
Canfield, J., & Switzer, J. (2009). How to get from where you are to where you want to be. The Success Principles , 1 (2), 98-100. Retrieved from https://jackcanfield.com/images/stories/the-success-principles-2-chapters.pdf
Hanania, R., & Smith, L. B. (2009). Selective attention and attention switching: towards a unified developmental approach. Developmental Science , 13 (4), 622-635. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00921.x
Lally, P., & Gardner, B. (2013). Promoting habit formation. Health Psychology Review , 7 (sup1), S137-S158. doi:10.1080/17437199.2011.603640
김은주 , & Jaekeun Lee. (2011). Effects of spaced repetition and retrieval on learning vocabulary. Journal of the Korea English Education Society , 10 (3), 71-89. doi:10.18649/jkees.2011.10.3.71
