The Dark Side of Social Networking Sites: An Exploration of the Relational and Psychological Stressors Associated with Facebook Use and Affordances
The Computers in Human Behavior: volume 45, pages 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.083
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Abstract
In this study, a test was conducted to ascertain merits of the social media, especially the less known dark sides. A group of 44 adult Facebook users was considered for research, and the negative influence of Facebook use realized related to psychological influence. The thematic assessment recognized five main themes stressors such as privacy, disturbing content, social control, jealousy, relationship conflicts, and being tethered. The results indicated that even though Facebook users always experience conflicting emotions, they still feel the pressure to access the social platform most often because they fear missing out on relevant information related to the maintenance demands of the relationship. Some adults reported violations of their privacy due to visibility issues, persistence, and even connectivity. The same sentiments hold up true to other social networking users as they indicated anxiety, jealousy, and negative emotions. Most responses revealed overarching contradictions as they claimed Facebook was inconsequential at first, but later on, revealed hurtful events.
The Relationship Between Addictive Use of Social Media, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem: Findings from a Large National Survey
The Journal of Addictive Behaviors: Volume 64 , pages 287-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
Abstract
The social media has become one of the most popular leisure activity platforms for many people globally. Even though its use is not problematic, to some people, they use it excessively and compulsively. Therefore, the study examined the link between addictive use, self-esteem, and narcissism. A cross-sectional sample of 23,532 Norwegians aged between 16-88 years completed a web-based survey with use of Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. The results showed that being a female, not involved in a relationship, being a student, lower rate of income, low-level education, narcissism, and low self-esteem were associated with the high scores measured on the BSMAS: It explains a total variance of 17.5%. The results indicated addictive use of social media reflecting the urge to feed the ego and an attempt to impede negative self-esteem. Also, women are more likely to develop addictive activities than men.
Negative Consequences from Heavy Social Networking in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out.
The Journal of adolescence: Volume 55 , page, February 2017, pages, 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.008
Abstract
Social platforms are often attractive to adolescents. However, they are prone to psychological effects when they use these sites excessively. The study then assesses the purpose of fear of missing out (FOMO) as well as the intensity of Social networking sites (SNS) usage. It then explained the association between psychological symptoms and adverse impacts of using SNS through a mobile device. With use of online survey, 1468 Spanish origin and Latin American users aged between sixteen and eighteen years completed a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Other measurement criteria included FOMO scale, social networking intensity scale, and a questionnaire on adverse effects of using SNS through a mobile device. Results indicated that FOMO and social networking intensity facilitate the link between psychopathology and mobile device. Moreover, girls who feel depressed often trigger higher SNS and anxiety triggers the same for boys.
How Many Likes Did I Get? Purpose Moderates Links Between Positive Social Media Feedback and Self-Esteem
The Journal of Experimental Social Psychology : Volume 69, March 2017, Pages 232-236
Abstract
Self-esteem is often linked to a person’s perceived relational value. Positive feedbacks are most likely to boost self-esteem since it signifies acceptance by other people. However, the extent of self-esteem sensitivity may depend on the sense of purpose of a particular person. In a study involving 32 samples, the goal in life was tested as the primary source of prosocial as well as self-directed motivation. It was hypothesized that having a more significant role in life would lessen one’s sensitivity to feedbacks emanating from social media. In study one, it was realized that the number of likes people received in their Facebook profile postings was positively linked with self-esteem. In study two, replicated the same findings by manipulating a significant amount of likes a person derived from self-posted pictures to a mock Facebook profile.
Facebook and self-perception: Individual susceptibility to a negative social comparison on Facebook
The Personality and Individual Differences : volume 86, November 2015, Pages 217-221
Abstract
Social network sites often deliver the impression that other people are doing better than us. Consequently, their use may lead us into making a false comparison, a feeling that others are doing better things than we are. Based on theoretical concepts, making such comparison means that we have adverse perception about ourselves. Therefore, the study investigates the indirect link between Facebook usage and self-perception with the use of unfavorable social comparison. Because happier people often process social information differently from sad ones. We then investigated whether the link between use of Facebook and social comparison and consequently self-perception, if it has any difference depending on happiness of a person. Two hundred thirty-one adults were then sampled aged between 18 and 25, and the result showed that the use of Facebook was associated mainly with a higher degree of adverse social comparison, which then translated to low self-esteem. A negative correlation was realized between use of Facebook and negative social comparison among happier individuals.
The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students
Social Science Computer Review: Volume 35, issue 5, August 10, 2016, pages 576-586 https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340
Abstract
In the year 2016, the growth of the use of social media has grown exponentially to almost one-third of the world’s population. Due to this growth, various researchers have been interested in doing further studies linked to the use of social media. Therefore, our research is related to finding more knowledge about social media use and how it is linked to self-esteem and satisfaction in life. To achieve the objectives, we did set up a Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (SMAQ. We then sampled various respondents who then completed an online-based survey questionnaire, which then gathered demographic information as well as responses to SMAQ and other self-esteem scales. Pearson’s correlations were also used to analyze variables as well as regression analysis. Results indicated that SMAQ had good properties and provided a consistent outcome. The additive use of the social media had an adverse link with self-esteem while self-esteem had positive correlation with the life satisfaction.
References
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors , 64 , 287-293.
Burrow, A. L., & Rainone, N. (2017). How many likes did I Get? Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 69 , 232-236.
De Vries, D. A., & Kühne, R. (2015). Facebook and self-perception: Individual susceptibility to a negative social comparison on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences , 86 , 217-221.
Fox, J., & Moreland, J. J. (2015). The dark side of social networking sites: An exploration of the relational and psychological stressors associated with Facebook use and affordances. Computers in Human Behavior , 45 , 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.083
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review , 35 (5), 576-586.
Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence , 55 , 51-60.
