Bipolar disorder also called manic-depressive illness is a disorder affecting the brain. People suffering from this condition typically have mood swings, a shift in their energy and activity level and are unable to carry out their daily activities regularly. Bipolar disorder is categorized into four types; bipolar 1 disorder which involves episodes of manic for seven days which at times can be so severe that the patient will require an immediate medical care. Bouts of depression can also occur. Bipolar 2 disorders involve episodes of depression and hypomanic, but they are not full-blown. The third one is cyclothymia which has periods of both depressive and symptoms of hypomanic that lasts for a year.
Other types do not match with the three mentioned above. Mania has been defined by many doctors as a high level of energy. The patient will have lots of energy, take high risks, have a high feeling, sleepless, talk very fast and have a strong sense of smell or touch. Bipolar patients moods changes typically from up to down. They are sad and very gloomy when they are down, but when they are up, they experience mania symptoms.
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Jamie was an outgoing girl and could make people happy and was also very positive about life. However, she had deviated from the person she wanted to be and had started showing some peculiar behavior. On valentine day in 2001, she showed up in the office and asked Mike if they could go to the rooftop and asked him he would come to the party tonight and she was ready to marry him the same night. It is at this point that Mike noticed something was wrong and had to take decisive actions. He lowered the camera and told her he was afraid of heights. He called the mother, and later Jamie was taken to a psychiatrist where she was diagnosed with acute manic symptoms a classic case of bipolar disorder. She was at the psychotic stage, and Mike had noticed that she was delusional and talking about how she could save America from a major disaster. Similarly, she was not sleeping properly of late and was in deep thoughts. The drug of choice prescribed to her was lithium (salt) taking three tables reach day, and she would come back. Lithium is a simple element but has adverse side effects that can lead to kidney failure. Jamie shows symptoms of happy moods that are mixed with agitation and irritation as described in the course text. She also displayed unrealistic positive and inflated self-esteem, and from her conversation, someone can notice that she speaks rapidly. Her thoughts on getting married demonstrate a stream of fantastic ideas.
Major depressive disorder is when someone experiences periods of sadness for an extended time. It is also called clinical depression. People with depressive disorder experience loss of appetite, less sleep, changes in behavior and mood swings. They usually develop reducing interest in things they used to enjoy and fail to perform their daily activities fully. There are differences between being just blue or down and a major depressive disorder because it is a feeling that lasts for a shorter period and one's life goes back to normal again.
Ketamine is an anti-depressant that has been used for many years to treat depressed patients for a more extended period. The drug leaves an afterglow effect after its use where the positive mental effects last for hours. Ketamine off-label has been used to treat severe depression in clinics and also for the formulation of novel drugs that mimic the performance of the drug in the body. Ketamine is superior because it can work within hours following a single treatment and there is no need to keep a blood level of the drug. Its superiority cannot be compared with conventional antidepressants that can take up to two months to take full effect yet they don’t work for many patients with depression and also have side effects. The major problem with Ketamine is that it has not been licensed for the treatment of depression. Similarly, it cannot be used as a standalone treatment, and the patient will have to continue with the oral antidepressants they have been taking.
