CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
General statement
This section will introduce the topic of discussion and define its scope/ Mental health stigma has been an issue that has received much attention from health professionals and researchers alike.
The scope of this research revolves around the stigma associated with Jamaican adolescents seeking treatment.
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This section will further define mental health and assess its impact on individuals and society at large.
Additionally, the perception of stigmatization will be explored to highlight the motive behind this behavior.
Justification
Understanding the impact of stigma on teenagers` access to mental health will inform service providers.
The research findings will educate the public on the impact stigma has on mental health and the need to take care of the affected individuals (Hickling et al., 2011).
The initiative will lead to the acceptance of mental health services within communities.
Purpose statement
Creating a handbook essential to provide Jamaicans the necessary knowledge to understand treatment-seeking behaviors related to mental health.
Stigmatization is a major barrier to seeking mental health treatment, especially in areas where people lack sufficient information about the condition (Gabra et al., 2020).
Importance of the project
Explore how stigmatization impacts Jamaican youths in seeking treatment.
The findings will be significant for the general audience, mentally ill patients, policy makers, and health service providers (Gabra et al., 2020).
The burden of mental health on families, patients, and the health care is staggering (Taghva et al., 2017).
The research will focus on public and self-stigma and how they impact each other.
Proposed project approach
Scholarly resources will be used to generate a manual that will educate the Jamaican youth on treatment-seeking behaviors from evidence-based practice.
This research will help students develop project-based learning skills such as collaboration, critical thinking, time management, among others.
The manual will also provide additional mental health resources that will add value to conceptualizing the research problem.
Research questions
What are the effects of mental health stigma on treatment-seeking behavior among young people in Jamaica?
What is the information that Jamaicans need to know regarding mental health?
How can mentally sick people be differentiated according to their perceptions of their psychiatric health?
Definition of terms
This section will define all the terms that will be used in the research. The significance of this section is enabling the audience acquire background information on some critical terms they will encounter throughout this handbook.
Assumptions and Limitations
This section will detail all the assumptions and limitations of the research. They will inform the reader or other researchers of the elements that the author accepts as true regarding the research. On the other hand, the limitations will inform the readers on what elements the author had no control over while undertaking the research.
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
Search strategy
Online databases such as PubMed, PsychInfo, and Medline will be used to identify relevant publications relating to stigma and mental health.
Relevant keywords will form the search criteria, including mental health, stigma, treatment-seeking behaviors, mental health beliefs, among others.
Abstracts of these articles will be reviewed to ascertain the significance of these journals on the research study.
Mental health and stigma
Social stigma is prevalent among mentally ill patients and leads to adverse mental health issues among these patients.
Stigmatized patients develop the fear to access medical assistance (Clement et al., 2014).
Stigma and its association with mental health originate from beliefs that perceive mentally ill patients as different from others.
Outcomes of stigma
Social isolation is one impact of stigma on mental health.
Public and self-stigma can be best described by prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping (Huggett et al., 2018).
Perceptions and misconceptions on mental health rob patients suffering from mental disorders of quality life (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).
Substance misuse
Mental health has been associated with substance misuse over the past decades.
Dual diagnosed patients with mental and substance misuses face prejudice from family and health care providers (Priester et al., 2016).
Integration of community-based have demonstrated better outcomes on medication compliance and managing these disorders (Crowley & Kirschner, 2015).
Overcoming barriers created by stigma
Patients prefer to access same medical facilities when seeking treatment.
Health care providers` education on discrimination and stigma is critical to minimizing barriers to accessing mental health care (Knaak et al., 2017).
Patient education and treatment monitoring are suggested as essential recommendations to help mentally ill patients seek treatment (Grazier et al., 2016).
Future research
This section will justify the scope of future research and its implication in the field of mental health and stigmatization.
The section will further emphasize the significance of future research, providing additional questions that would guide further studies and add more understanding to the existing knowledge base.
References
Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rüsch, N., Brown, J. S., & Thornicroft, G. (2014). What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychological Medicine , 45 (1), 11-27. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000129
Crowley, R. A., & Kirschner, N. (2015). The integration of care for mental health, substance abuse, and other behavioral health conditions into primary care: Executive summary of an American College of Physicians position paper. Annals of Internal Medicine , 163 (4), 298. https://doi.org/10.7326/m15-0510
Gabra et al. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and health-seeking behavior among family caregivers of mentally ill patients at Assiut University hospitals: A cross-sectional study. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-0015-6
Grazier, K. L., Smiley, M. L., & Bondalapati, K. S. (2016). Overcoming barriers to integrating behavioral health and primary care services. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health , 7 (4), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150131916656455
Hickling et al. (2011). Deinstitutionalization and attitudes toward mental illness in Jamaica: a qualitative study. Revista panamericana de salud publica, 29 , 169-176. https://www.scielosp.org/article/rpsp/2011.v29n3/169-176
Huggett, C., Birtel, M. D., Awenat, Y. F., Fleming, P., Wilkes, S., Williams, S., & Haddock, G. (2018). A qualitative study: experiences of stigma by people with mental health problems. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice , 91 (3), 380-397. doi: 10.1111/papt.12167
Knaak, S., Mantler, E., & Szeto, A. (2017). Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare: Barriers to access and care and evidence-based solutions. Healthcare Management Forum , 30 (2), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470416679413
Parcesepe, A. M., & Cabassa, L. J. (2013). Public stigma of mental illness in the United States: a systematic literature review. Administration and policy in mental health , 40 (5), 384–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-012-0430-z
Priester, M. A., Browne, T., Iachini, A., Clone, S., DeHart, D., & Seay, K. D. (2016). Treatment access barriers and disparities among individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: An integrative literature review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 61 , 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2015.09.006
Taghva et al. (2017). Strategies to reduce the stigma toward people with mental disorders in Iran: Stakeholders’ perspectives. BMC Psychiatry, 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1169-y
