Hormones can be described as chemical messengers that are synthesized within the endocrine system and released to target certain organs as well as tissue to regulate specific functions. In the human body, hormones are secreted mainly by the endocrine system. However, specific organs and tissues have been shown to synthesize as well as secret specific hormones. The organs and tissues that synthesize and secrete these hormones are referred to as endocrinocytes where these tissues are part of the body system affected by the secreted hormones.
The adipose tissue is among the endocrinocytes producing the hormone leptin also referred to as the “energy expenditure hormone”. The hormone leptin has the main function of regulating intake as well as expenditure of energy. Further, the hormone regulates hunger, appetite, and metabolism ( Tortora & Derrickson, 2017) . The “energy expenditure hormone” has been shown to act directly on the leptin receptors in the hypothalamus, which is a part of the brain and the central nervous system.
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The skin also forms part of the endocrinocytes producing the hormone cholecalciferol whose primary function is increasing blood calcium levels by boosting the dietary calcium absorption and reducing the calcium lost through the urine ( Tortora & Derrickson, 2017) . The skin acts as the synthesize site as well as the target site for the cholecalciferol hormone.
The kidney produces the hormone renin with its primary function being the regulation of the mean arterial blood pressure through the adjustment of extracellular volume and arterial vasoconstriction ( Tortora & Derrickson, 2017) . Renin targets the arterioles, adrenal cortex, and the peripheral blood vessels.
Erythropoietin hormone is synthesized by the liver and the kidney with the function of controlling red blood cells production. Further, the hormone participates in the neuronal injury response by the brain, helping with wound healing. The main target for erythropoietin is bone marrow tissue cells.
References
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (2017). Introduction to the Human Body .
