Empfield, M., & Bakalar, N. (2005). Depression and Other Teenage Problems. In Understanding Teenage Depression, a Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management (pp. 53-66). Vision Australia Information and Library Service.
This article talks about some of the consequences of teenage depression. The authors discuss some of the behavioral changes that adolescents who are experiencing depression go through. These behaviors vary, from simple bad habits such as being rude to medical or even psychiatric issues. Adolescents who are suffering from depression are more likely to start abusing drugs, for example, drinking alcohol and smoking. Once they start, it isn't easy to stop. Drugs, especially alcohol, are depressants, and if a depressed teenager begins using them, they become even more depressed. Furthermore, depressed teenagers are at more risk of getting physical injuries that may seriously harm them. They also become rebellious towards authority and do not follow instructions when given. Some adolescents, especially girls, may develop eating disorders such as anorexia. I will encourage my clients to observe their children, and if they exhibit any behavior change, and get immediate help.
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Empfield, M., & Bakalar, N. (2005). Which Teenagers Are Most at Risk? In Understanding Teenage Depression, a Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management (pp. 53-66). Vision Australia Information and Library Service.
The authors state that only a small minority of people exposed to the risk factors will develop depression. However, the more the risk factors a teenager is exposed to, the higher the chances of developing depression. Some common risk factors include suicidal thoughts, sexual abuse, conduct disorder, anxiety, stressful activities, and genetics. When it comes to genetics, depressed parents are a huge contributor to depression among their children. However, scientists have not yet isolated a “depression gene” that is autosomal; that is, it can be passed down from one generation to the next. Stressful activities include a parent's divorce, losing a loved one, and failing a school test. These are normal events for any teenager, but it could be a problem if the sadness is prolonged. The authors state that around 20% of depressed teenagers also experience an anxiety disorder. Conduct disorder makes depressed adolescents engage in antisocial behavior, for example, bullying. Sexual abuse is a leading cause of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents, and those who have experienced it have higher chances of attempting suicide. This information will improve my understanding of the causes of depression among adolescents, which I can then use to create treatment plans for my clients’ adolescents who are suffering from depression.
Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents . Lancet, 379, 2373-2382.
This article aims to inform the public concerning the issues of self-harm and suicide among adolescents. The authors show that teenagers are at a higher risk of causing harm to themselves and that suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people globally. They conclude that the main reason why teenagers want to commit self-harm and suicide is because of depression. The authors discuss some of the distinct forms of self-harm and suicide, which include physical harm, emotional harm, psychological harm, and mental harm, their epidemiology, and some of the measures that can be taken to prevent self-harm and suicide from happening, such as therapy, medication and socializing with friends to reduce depression. This knowledge will help me sensitize my clients about the high risk of suicide among depressed and the main risk factor, which is depression. It will also aid in explaining to my clients' ways of preventing suicide among depressed youths within the society.
Morey, M. E., Arora, P., & Stark, K. D. (2015). Multiple-stage screening of youth depression in schools . Psychology in the Schools, 52(8), 800-812.
This article explains the importance of multiple screening to diagnose depression among adolescents at an early stage. Regular screening for depression among adolescents has several benefits both to the adolescents and their parents. Early screening and diagnosis of adolescent depression will help prevent adolescents from developing discordant behavior and even suicidal thoughts. Treatment is also easier if the depression symptoms are still at an early stage. The authors explain the importance of schools in conducting these multiple screening tests since they are a unique environment. Teenagers spend the majority of their time in schools which makes it easier to screen them for depression. I will use this information to show my clients some of the different ways in which their adolescents' schools can implement screening programs that will help identify depressed youth and help them as soon as possible.
Neavin, D. R., Joyce, J., & Swintak, C. (2018). Treatment of major depressive disorder in pediatric populations . Diseases, 6(48), 1-10.
The authors in this article describe major depressive disorder (MDD) as an important issue affecting teenage adolescents. They explain the process of diagnosing major depressive disorder in adolescents because the majority of the adolescents suffering from it are unaware. This is a common issue among patients suffering from depression. They usually go a long time without diagnosing the issue, which results in the symptoms worsening until it is maybe too late. The article outlines some of the current understanding of major depressive disorder among adolescents and some available treatment techniques. The article also outlines the difference that exists between treatment plans for adolescents and adult patients. I will use this information to learn more about current treatment for major depressive disorder and how I can use them for my clients' adolescent children suffering from depression.
Palmisano, B. (2018, August 31August 31). Depression in youth: Underdiagnosed and deadly . Depressive Disorder Advisor, pp. 1-3.
In this article, the author states that depression is one of the most common causes of morbidity among teenagers. The author explains the effect of depression on the quality of life of teenagers. She states that it takes a huge toll on their lives, so young people suffering from depression normally suffer from other ailments. The article talks about depression among adolescents, reasons why diagnosis is underwhelming, and the damages it might cause. Some of the devastating effects of depression include a change in behavior by adolescents and having suicidal thoughts. The author recommends early diagnosis of depression among adolescents to prevent it from escalating further into a bigger problem. I will commence early diagnosis of adolescents, which will help detect depression while still at an early stage to which will make the treatment process easier.
Paschall, M. J., & Bersamin, M. (2017). School-based health centers, depression, and suicide risk among adolescents . American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(1), 44-50
This study discusses some of the preventive measures that can be taken to reduce depression and suicidal thoughts among adolescent youth. The authors suggest increasing mental health services in schools as a way of reducing depression among adolescents. Schools are the best avenue of reaching out to adolescent youth struggling with depression and the accompanying side effects. Having mental health facilities in schools will help adolescents diagnosed with depression get help while still living in a much more familiar environment. This helps to promote a positive outcome. Offering mental health services as part of school programs will help in the fight against depression among adolescents. I will use this information to encourage my clients to set up mental health facilities across the schools in the community. This can help reduce the risk of depression and suicide among students within those schools.
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D., & Thapar, A. (2012). Depression in adolescence. The Lancet , 379 (9820), 1056-1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60871-4
The author asserts that depression is one of the main suicide risk factors when it comes to adolescents. More often than not, depression among adolescents goes unnoticed due to the main presenting problems, fluctuating symptoms, prominence of irritability, and mood activity. The main presenting problems of depression among adolescents comprise substance abuse, a decline in academic performance, behavioral problems, truancy, anxiety, eating disorders, and unexplained physical symptoms. Some of the main risk factors for depression among adolescents include the history of depression in the family and being exposed to psychosocial stress. Other risk factors are neuroendocrine and brain mechanisms and gene-environment interplay. Diagnosis and treatment of adolescent depression require clinicians to take an evidence-based approach and use tried and tested treatment methods for a better outcome. I will use this information to help explain depression among adolescents and the importance of targeting high-risk groups to help reduce depression and its effects.
Teen Depression . Nimh.nih.gov. Retrieved June 10 June 10, 2021, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/teen-depression/ .
This article by the National Institute of Mental Health talks about the signs and symptoms of adolescent depression. Some of the signs and symptoms of depressed teens include;
Tendency to feel anxious and sad,
They tend to feel like they are worth nothing or hopeless,
They prefer to stay alone rather than with friends and family,
They are irritable most of the time,
They have higher chances of failing at school
Their eating and sleeping habits change
They may attempt to harm themselves or have think of suicide
I will advise my clients to be keen and observe if their children are displaying some of these symptoms to seek help immediately.
Winer, J. P., Parent, J., Forehand, R., & Breslend, N. L. (2015 ). Interactive effects of psychosocial stress and early pubertal timing on youth depression and anxiety : Contextual amplification in family and peer environments. Child and Adolescent Psychology Training and Research, Inc, 25, 1375-1384.
The authors sought to find out some of the causes of depression among adolescents. They narrowed it down to one factor, that is, early pubertal development. They wanted to determine how pubertal development and timing can influence symptoms of anxiety and depression among the youth. They asserted that pubertal development was a stage of dramatic and rapid transformation across all areas of life for an adolescent. They found that there was a correlation between early pubertal development and depression among adolescents. They recommended that adolescents have someone they can talk to during this period to help them navigate safely. This study has enabled me to know the most crucial time in a youth’s life when they are most vulnerable to depression. Therefore, I can advise my clients to closely watch their children within that age group and seek help if they exhibit signs of depression.
References
Empfield, M., & Bakalar, N. (2005). Depression and Other Teenage Problems. In Understanding Teenage Depression, a Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management (pp. 53-66). Vision Australia Information and Library Service.
Empfield, M., & Bakalar, N. (2005). Which Teenagers Are Most at Risk? In Understanding Teenage Depression, a Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management (pp. 53-66). Vision Australia Information and Library Service.
Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents . Lancet, 379, 2373-2382.
Morey, M. E., Arora, P., & Stark, K. D. (2015). Multiple-stage screening of youth depression in schools . Psychology in the Schools, 52(8), 800-812.
Neavin, D. R., Joyce, J., & Swintak, C. (2018). Treatment of major depressive disorder in pediatric populations . Diseases, 6(48), 1-10.
Palmisano, B. (2018, August 31August 31). Depression in youth: Underdiagnosed and deadly . Depressive Disorder Advisor, pp. 1-3.
Paschall, M. J., & Bersamin, M. (2017). School-based health centers, depression, and suicide risk among adolescents . American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(1), 44-50
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D., & Thapar, A. (2012). Depression in adolescence. The Lancet , 379 (9820), 1056-1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60871-4
Teen Depression . Nimh.nih.gov. Retrieved June 10 June 10, 2021, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/teen-depression/ .
Winer, J. P., Parent, J., Forehand, R., & Breslend, N. L. (2015 ). Interactive effects of psychosocial stress and early pubertal timing on youth depression and anxiety : Contextual amplification in family and peer environments. Child and Adolescent Psychology Training and Research, Inc, 25, 1375-1384
