Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an approach used in psychotherapy for the treatment of a broad range of mental disorders some of which include depression and anxiety. The effectiveness of this therapy arises from the fact that it seeks to create a platform for relapse prevention as a way of ensuring that patients with such mental disorders achieve positive results regarding their treatment. The cognitive process associated with this therapeutic method revolves around the issue of patient education focusing much attention on ensuring that patients understand and accept their thoughts. The principal focus is ensuring that they work towards limiting the underlying impacts associated with their beliefs.
Annotated Bibliography
Idusohan ‐ Moizer, H., Sawicka, A., Dendle, J., & Albany, M. (2015). Mindfulness ‐ based cognitive therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: an evaluation of the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59 (2), 93-104.
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In this article, the researchers reflect on the usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as part of dealing with adults suffering from a wide array of intellectual disabilities. According to the researchers, usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is a practical approach, as it provides psychologists with a platform from which to reflect on their patients’ conditions. The effectiveness of the treatment is evidenced by the fact that it seeks to create that positive approach from which patients can understand the extent of their requirements. In this case, the researchers focused their attention on the idea of dealing with intellectual disabilities in adults, which tend to create a significant challenge regarding cognitive performance. However, it is equally important to take note of the fact that the researchers tend to believe that the issue of effectiveness touching on the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been an issue of debate. The debate arises from the fact that this particular type of treatment seeks to ensure that patients gain control of their thoughts, which in some cases is challenging, as some of these patients tend to encounter a wide variety of opinions.
During population analysis, the researchers found out that the number of people suffering from mild to moderate intellectual disabilities was way higher when compared to the number of people without such limitations. The vital issue contributing to the situation at hand was the fact that most of the people do not go for mental health testing as a way of identifying the possibility of this condition. The researchers indicate that usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy seeks to ensure that the patients learn how to pay attention using different strategic approaches. The researchers engaged in a study that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as part of the therapeutic process for treatment of intellectual disabilities.
The total number of participants used for the study was 15 (n-15) with study results suggesting that constant usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy helps in ensuring that the participants' bodies can relax. Some of the approaches taken during treatment included breathing slowly whereby the participants were expected to breathe in and out in a systematic manner. On the other hand, the participants were also expected to engage in activities that included yoga as part of ensuring that they would be able to clear their minds as part of building on the effectiveness of therapy. Based on the discussion of the outcomes, it is clear that usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is a practical approach in the treatment of intellectual disabilities among patients.
The effectiveness of this therapy is evidence from the position that 12 out of the 15 participants were able to overcome some of the underlying effects of their conditions partially. That suggested that constant usage of this therapy would help in creating a better avenue from which patients would be able to achieve success in the course of treatment focusing on disability disorders. Regarding the critique of the article, the research aim and hypothesis of the study have been stated explicitly but not at the end of the introduction. However, the researchers have failed to describe the intervention within the research study. An in-depth review of the study indicates that the survey has been conducted ethically, as the researchers seek to ensure that they obtain the relevant consents from the participants. The conclusions of the study are consistent with the aims of the study regardless of the fact that the sample size is not sufficiently based on the overall structure of the study outcomes.
King, A. P., Erickson, T. M., Giardino, N. D., Favorite, T., Rauch, S. A., Robinson, E., ... & Liberzon, I. (2013). A pilot study of group mindfulness ‐ based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Depression and Anxiety, 3 0(7), 638-645.
As part of the introduction for the article, the researcher indicates that the adoption of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in general medicine has been effective in promoting efficiency in stress reduction. Additionally, the researchers suggest that the public use of this therapy touches on the fact that helps patients overcome any traumatic events that they are exposed to as part of their engagements. In this case, the research study reflects on the usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy when dealing with combat veterans suffering from different levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is one of the leading issues affecting the majority of combat veterans due to the nature of violence that they are exposed to as part their engagements in the military. From that perspective, the researchers sought to evaluate usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy when dealing with these veterans as a way of determining its effectiveness.
The focus of the study conducted, in this article, is to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes associated with the usage of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy when dealing with patients who have PTSD. The total number of participants used for the study was 20 (n-20) each of which has been diagnosed it PTSD based on their time in the military. The participants were taken through an 8-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program that seeks to build on their effectiveness in dealing with some of the underlying issues associated with their previous exposure to violence. As part of the evaluation, the participants were separated into three groups with each of the groups exposed to a different level of therapy, which was vital towards determining whether the clinical outcomes of this therapy would be useful in meeting usual standards. A PTSD scale (CAPS) was performed on each of the participants regularly during their engagement in the study as a way of evaluating whether their participation in the therapy was effective in meeting expected outcomes.
From the results of the study, one of the key aspects to note is that intense exposure to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy played a crucial role in ensuring that patients were able to overcome some of the underlying effects associated with PTSD. The researchers indicate that some of the patients were experiencing essential issues trying to sleep due to the impact of their exposure to violence resulting in PTSD. On the other hand, some of the patients were unwilling to speak out about their exposure to violence as part of protecting themselves from reliving such events. However, the 8-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program provided them with a leeway from where they were able to take about some of the notable events that contributed to their exposure to violence. The therapy provided them with adequate approaches that they would utilize as part of ensuring that they limit the general outcomes and effects arising due to PTSD, thus, projecting the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach. Based on the discussion, it is evident that the researchers believe in the idea of using this therapy as a critical tool when dealing with patients suffering from a wide array of mental disorders that tend to hinder or hamper cognitive functionality.
In this article, the aims and hypothesis of the study have been indicated at the end of the introduction section of the research article. The researchers have not described the interventions that the study seeks to evaluate, which is a crucial limitation to consider concerning this article. A review of the research indicates that it has been conducted ethically with the researcher acquiring informed consents from the participants of the study. The sample size is not sufficient for the study expectations and implications, which also acts as a critical limitation that may impact the general outcomes of the study. The conclusions are consistent with the study aims.
Lam, K. (2016). School-based cognitive mindfulness intervention for internalizing problems: a Pilot study with Hong Kong elementary students. Journal of child and family studies, 25 (11), 3293-3308.
In this particular article, the researcher reflects on the use of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy within a school-based environment as a way of providing students with a platform from which they would be able to overcome some of the problems that they encounter. According to the researcher, school-going children tend to experience a wide array of issues and challenges that hamper or hinder their performance levels significantly. However, one of the critical challenges that arise when dealing with such students is that it becomes hard for them to internalize the problems that they encounter. For example, when dealing with bullying, most of the children experiencing such environments find it much easier for them to sit alone thinking about the instances or cases of harassment, as they believe that no one would be able to help them. However, in most cases, this only acts as a contributing factor to the occurrence of stress, depression, and anxiety. Thus, this creates the need for having to find a therapeutic approach that would not only help in dealing with the issue of stress but would also be of value in ensuring that the students develop effective cognitive procedures that would allow them to internalize the stress that they experience.
From that perspective, the researcher suggests that idea of using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a tool that would be of value for the patients especially in ensuring that they reflect on their positions based on some of the underlying challenges that they experience. One of the critical problem that the researcher notes as part of the study revolved around the fact that majority of the researchers on this topic tend to fail in their understanding of how to incorporate this therapy when dealing with children. In this case, the researcher believes that incorporation of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in children must seek to find practical approaches that would help the children in relaxing their minds. That is the same case when dealing with children, as this therapy creates a front from which patients can build on their understanding of the problems faced or experienced.
The participants for the study engaged in a 9-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program that focused on providing them with positive strategies that would be of value in ensuring that they can internalize their problems or issues. From the results, between 65% and 80% of the school-going children used as part of the study showed a higher level of control when focusing on their problems. The children were able to develop positive approaches that sought to ensure that they were in real positions from which to promote or define their abilities. The outcomes from the study indicated that usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was one of the critical elements of success in building that positive avenue from which school-going children would be able to handle or deal with the stress that they encounter. The engagement of the students in the therapy helped in providing them with adequate avenues from which to internalize and externalize their problems. Thus, this limited the possibility of detrimental harm associated with the issues that they encounter within their school environments.
A review of the study indicates that the researchers have highlighted the aims and hypothesis of the study at the end of the introduction section from where readers can connect to the general purpose of the study. The interventions of the survey have not been described as part of the study expectations. On the other hand, it is essential to take note of the fact that the researchers seek informed consent from their participants, thus, building on the ethical nature of this research study. When focusing on the sample size, it is evident that the sample size is not sufficient for this study touching on the fact that the sample is minimal. The conclusions match the research aims, as have been indicated in the survey.
Moradi, M., & Samari, A. (2017). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the clinical syndrome and body image in women with bulimia nervosa. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 19 (5), 394-400.
Body image is one of the critical elements that women consider to determine their confidence levels, a majority of the women tend to focus on finding a body image that would match the body images that they view through different platforms. One of the key aspects to note is that the media has played a crucial role in promoting or create stereotypes on the body image that women ought to have through the general representation of women. The long-term effect that this has had is that it has created a situation where other women are taking unhealthy habits including self-induced vomiting and other compensatory behaviors as part of meeting the expected body images. In this study, the researchers embarked on an analysis of how usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy would be of value in ensuring that women move beyond the demands for a specific body image. The treatment seeks to create that compelling avenue from which women would be able to achieve overall success margins especially in ensuring that they limit the stress that they would experience due to lack of achievement of a specific body image.
The researchers engaged in a study using a total of 30 participants, who were randomly selected and played within two groups of 15 participants each. The critical element of focus for the research study was to evaluate whether the use of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy would help in ensuring that the women developed a real understanding of the effects associated with their condition. One of the groups was exposed to the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy while the other group of participants was put on the waiting list. The researchers used a Binge eating questionnaire as part of information collected from the participants as a way of ensuring that the data collected was active towards meeting usual standards. The exposure of one group of the participants to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy sought to build on the position that the women would have a clear mental understanding that their engagement in such habits was unhealthy. The other group was put on a waiting list from where the researchers sought to evaluate any changes regarding their perception towards eating disorders.
Based on the results from the study, one of the key findings to note was that usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was useful, as it provided the researchers with an avenue from which to limit or control the demand for engagement in such unhealthy habits. For examples, the participants within the group that was exposed to the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy indicated that they be content with their body images. The second finding to note was that usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive treatment in the study not only sought to deal with the issue of unhealthy eating habits but also sought to ensure that the participants dealt with the stress associated to stereotypes created through the media. The researchers indicated that the responses given to the Binge eating questionnaire for the two groups showed a significant variation regarding expectations. However, this is different for the participants in the other group, who indicated their desire to achieve a specific body type.
From this research study, it is clear that the researchers work focus much of their attention on highlighting the aims and hypothesis of the study at the very end of the introduction section. However, the researchers fail to highlight and describe some of the critical interventions that the study seeks to consider and evaluate as part of the standard findings. The study is conducted in an ethical manner finding that the researchers focus on obtaining informed consent from their research participants. The conclusions of the study are consistent with the general aims of the study, as the researchers seek to evaluate critical aspects associated with the therapy. The sample size of the study is not sufficient to match general expectations within this particular study and the implementation of its findings.
Tovote, K. A., Schroevers, M. J., Snippe, E., Emmelkamp, P. M., Links, T. P., Sanderman, R., & Fleer, J. (2017). What works best for whom? Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes. PloS One, 12 (6), 1-16.
In this article, the researchers focus on evaluating the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive therapy when dealing with patients with diabetes. Most of the patients who have diabetes tend to lack that ability to focus on maintaining or defining functionality, as the condition creates some form of challenge for the patients, as it becomes harder for them to cope with some of the underlying issues that they encounter. The research aimed at finding out what the most appropriate therapy that would assist individuals suffering from diabetes. The researchers maintain that diabetes is a medical condition that may result in stress and depression among the patient based on nature of severity of the disease. In this case, a majority of the patients tend to undergo emotional and mental challenges associated with the development of the disease. The study indicated that the objective of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive therapy (MCBT) is to reduce severity-associated diabetes. Reducing the severity of the condition through minimizing the risk factors such as stress and depression is one of the useful methodologies that allow for effective intervention.
The focus of the study revolves around ensuring that patients with diabetes can deal with some of the unusual depressive symptoms through the usage of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The researchers focus much of their attention on the need to improve the overall structure of treatment with the sole focus being on the idea of ensuring that the patients develop effective avenues from which to cope with stress. The total number of participants used in the study is 91 (n-91) suffering from type 1 and two diabetes and comorbid. Depressive symptoms. The researchers selected the participants for the study through randomized selection with the principal focus being on the idea of trying to ensure that the research would meet its expected objective, which was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The researchers believed that exposure of the participants to the treatment would help in ensuring that patients understand some of the critical variables that would affect their condition. Additionally, this sought to create the understanding that the participants would focus on gaining control of their thoughts to limit the possibilities of stress.
Based on the results, one of the critical approaches used in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, patient education, was considered as one of the essential tools that would be of value towards ensuring that the participants reduced some of their depressive thoughts and feelings. The patients indicated that one of the ideas that created depression was that of the fact that diabetes is a leading preventable cause of death around the world. Through therapy, the patients were given techniques that would allow them to filter some of these thoughts as a way of ensuring that they would be able to limit expected outcomes regarding exposure to possibilities of stress. From that perspective, it was evident that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is one of the most effective tools that would be of value in dealing with stress, depression, and anxiety among patients.
The researchers highlight the research aims and hypothesis of the study as part of the introduction section from where readers can connect to the general purpose of the article, which helps towards building its reliability and validity. The interventions associated with the research study have been indicated and efficiently described as part of the general expectations of the research article. The researchers have ethically surveyed with the conclusions matching the research aims of the study. However, the sample size for the study fails to meet expected standards, as it becomes hard to determine the general expectations of the study.
Quan, P., Wang, W., Chu, C., & Zhou, L. (2018). Seven Days Of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Improves Attention And Coping Style. Social Behavior & Personality: an international journal, 46 (3), 421-430.
The focus for this article was on the usage of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a way of improving attention and coping style with the sole focus being on ensuring that patients would be able to maintain some form of discussion when dealing with specific events. According to the researchers, inabilities to concentrate and cope with different scenarios and situations are one of the notable issues affecting a significant number of people in the world. The researchers indicate that attention deficit arises from the fact that most people tend to find themselves in a situation where it becomes much harder for them to define or determine some of the most effective approaches that they would use as part of improving their abilities to concentrate. The issue arises from the fact that majority of the people tend to face critical challenges in trying to focus due to a vast array of intellectual disabilities. From that perspective, it was evident that usage of therapy was essential in ensuring that people would be in a positive avenue from which to improve their abilities to concentrate much more efficiently.
The researcher was able to create a short-term training course that would touch on the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as part of ensuring that patients would understand the value of concentration as a way of improving their abilities to achieve expected levels of attention. The use of this particular therapy paved the way for a productive avenue from which participants would be able to learn some of the fundamental exercises that they would use as part of ensuring that they improved on their abilities to concentrate effectively. The total number of participants used in the study was 44 (n-44) with the researchers focusing on participants that do not have a prior understanding of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The participants were expected to complete the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) before their engagement in the treatment, which sought to highlight their abilities to concentrate when dealing with specific expectations.
After their completion of the questionnaire, the participants were taken through a 7-day mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program that focused on the idea of building overall effectiveness as a way of ensuring that they improve their attention. Based on the results of the study, one of the key aspects to note is that the participants that were taken through the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy showed significant signs of increased abilities to concentrate on different situations. The results indicated that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy provided the participants with a purpose on why they ought to improve their concentration with the sole intention of ensuring that they would be able to build their attention. The researchers indicated that usage of this therapy was effective in meeting some of the key expectations from the participants regarding their abilities to reflect on what was expected of them concerning concentration capacities. On the issue of coping style, the engagement in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy helped towards creating a positive avenue from which participants were able to change their coping methods. Ultimately, this sought to build on their effectiveness when dealing with a wide array of issues that may affect their functionality in one way or the other.
The researchers provide readers with a clear understanding of the aims and hypothesis as part of the introduction section from where readers can get a clear understanding of what the study seeks to evaluate. On the other hand, the researchers also describe the interventions of the study from where readers can connect to the overall structure of the article regarding expected outcomes. The research has been conducted ethically to support the general expectations of the study, as the researchers seek to ensure that they obtain informed consents from their participants. The conclusions of the study are somewhat consistent with the study aims, thus, building on its efficiency. However, the sample size of the study is not sufficient for this study taking into account the implications that the study is expected to have on psychology.
Conclusion
In summary, for patients with intellectual disabilities, the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy will depend on its extensive usage as part of the treatment process. The fundamental idea of using this particular therapy is to ensure that patients adopt a specific approach that would allow them to concentrate in a given way or for a given purpose. When dealing with stress and issues associated with pressure, therapy acts as one of the essential options, as it creates a front from which patients can understand some of the important sources of their importance as a way of ensuring that they work towards reducing the possibilities of such importance.
The critical element of focus when dealing with therapy is ensuring that a patient can relax his or her mind, as this would be of value towards providing that he or she can think about the nature of challenges that he or she is experiencing. Additionally, the therapy also sought to create that positive avenue from which the participants would be able to build on their confidence levels regardless of their body images. For the women exposed to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, they believed in the idea of healthy eating as a way of ensuring that one would achieve a healthy lifestyle.
The critical element of focus was to evaluate whether their engagement in the therapy would work as a way of building their effectiveness regarding ensuring that they reflect on their capacities while improving their attention. Patient education played a crucial role in providing the patients with a platform from which they would be able to maintain some form of control touching on their thoughts. The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy provided the patients with viable techniques that provided them with some control over their thoughts.
References
Idusohan ‐ Moizer, H., Sawicka, A., Dendle, J., & Albany, M. (2015). Mindfulness ‐ based cognitive therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: an evaluation of the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59 (2), 93-104.
King, A. P., Erickson, T. M., Giardino, N. D., Favorite, T., Rauch, S. A., Robinson, E., ... & Liberzon, I. (2013). A pilot study of group mindfulness ‐ based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Depression and Anxiety, 3 0(7), 638-645.
Lam, K. (2016). School-based cognitive mindfulness intervention for internalizing problems: a Pilot study with Hong Kong elementary students. Journal of child and family studies, 25 (11), 3293-3308.
Moradi, M., & Samari, A. (2017). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the clinical syndrome and body image in women with bulimia nervosa. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 19 (5), 394-400.
Quan, P., Wang, W., Chu, C., & Zhou, L. (2018). Seven Days Of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Improves Attention And Coping Style. Social Behavior & Personality: an international journal, 46 (3), 421-430.
Tovote, K. A., Schroevers, M. J., Snippe, E., Emmelkamp, P. M., Links, T. P., Sanderman, R., & Fleer, J. (2017). What works best for whom? Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes. PloS One, 12 (6), 1-16.
