Stress is a body and mind mechanism in response to various environmental threats. Therefore, stress can be categorized into two pathways: eustress and distress. Eustress occurs in small amounts and positively improves performance and ability to handle tasks. On the contrary, distress is the negative tension which occurs in above moderate amounts and decreases an individual’s performance and ability (both mental and physical). Stressors are usually grouped into four categories: changes in life, catastrophes, environmental factors, and daily challenges.
First, drastic and unplanned changes in life circumstances and behaviors which are different from the habits may lead to the development of stress. Such changes may include environmental changes and socio-economic disruptions. Secondly, unplanned disasters and other uncontrollable threats damage lives and property, which may cause stress to survivors. Thirdly, stressful environments such as workplaces, public zones, and homesteads are polluted (air, water, noise) exerts unwanted pressure into people’s minds and bodies. Finally, rigorous and congested daily activities increase the physical and psychological prevalence of stress.
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Stress stimulates the body to secrete and release adrenaline or cortisol which have diverse behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and physical effects. Depending on the type and context of stress, hormones released activate respective muscles to impact appropriate responses. However, extreme stress and subsequent endocrine responses may weaken the body’s immune system and predispose the body to various health conditions such as hypertension and asthma. Because stress is common, creating resilience through strategic psychological and physical interventions helps alleviate the condition. Managing stressors and modifying daily activities to include well-timed schedules, physical exercises, and relaxation techniques are highly recommended actions.
