4.a). Biological evolution can be defined as the process or change in the heritable characteristic of an organism of a biological population over a successive generation. This change in heritable characteristics can happen through genetic variation and natural selection. Yes, I would agree that Biological Evolution is just a theory (Adewuyi, 2011). A theory is the linked different ideas that aim at explaining something. A theory to some extent contains some truth but at the same time theories can be doubted. Theory tends to explain the observations that are based on the assumptions on different concepts, that can be used to challenge or support the theory. I can go ahead and prove the cause of the concept and assumption pertaining to these kinds of changes since the Biological revolution has linked ideas that can be used to explain why there are some changes in successive generations based on the idea and observations that can be drawn from the heritage characteristic of organism observed and its successive generation (Bockris & Reddy, 2014).
b). Biology has it that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited. In that, they cannot be passed to offspring. But on the other hand, it is true that we should not worry about air pollution since natural selection will enable humans to develop lungs that can detoxify pollutants. This can be explained in detail through the adaptational change toward the environment (Cunningham, Cunningham & Saigo, 2011). This is a biological revolution that contributes to the survival of the fittest through different concepts such as, separation, and sustainability. Otherwise, human beings can be extinct if they cannot adapt to these changes in the environment.
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5). Camouflage is an adaptive feature in chameleons that is genetically transferred. It has been inherited or passed from one generation to another. Camouflage has played a significant part in the rise of chameleons and avoiding them from being an instinctive species. This species has some color patterns that make it safe from its predators and also helps them in hunting. Color changing in chameleons is also important during their mating seasons. Male chameleons turn to colors that impressed the Female sending message that it is ready to mate. Hence contribute to their population growth (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2010).
7). Ecological Succession can be defined as a gradual change in the species' ecosystem over time. It involves the evolution ecosystem over a period of time ( Miller & Clements, 2017). Secondary succession is the growth of the community in areas which were occupied before, inhabited or experienced agricultural farming but were damaged due to internal or external factors primary succession is the growth of a community that occurs in lifeless areas that might be due to rocks and newly formed dunes.
The abandoned orange grove in southwest Florida can have a secondary succession since it can support the livelihood of birds when they were migrating (Kriebel, et al., 2015). They cannot be damaged by fire since it can recover from the fire damages at long last.
9.a). Resource partitioning is the division of scarce resources by species aimed at avoiding competition in an Ecological system ( Forsyth, 2014). Resource Partitioning can also be a competition that is created due to evolutionary adaptation from the evolutionary pressure. an example of resource partitioning is food partitioning where species coexist by eating similar food but chemically different food. Like in this case monitor lizards compete for food and insect while rats and rabbits share forest and the insect.
b). Predator is an animal that eats other animals. A predator can also be prey depending on its position in the food chain. In the predator-prey interaction in monitoring mortality, like in the case when a blue cub consumes bold mud cub here the predator is the blue cub and the prey is the bold mud (Gardner & Stern, 2016).
15.a) I don't agree with stabilizing the population in that without more consumers economic growth would stop being that everybody will not be willing to buy from somebody else making the economy stagnant (Sarewitz, D. 2014).
b). I agree that consumers will never run out of resources because they would avoid wastage by finding substitutes through the use of technology. For instance, the production of foodstuffs through agriculture has found a new way of production through Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) to counter the unconducive natural farming process which has been adversely affected by climatic changes ( Botkin & Keller, 2018).
References
Adewuyi, Y. G. (2011). Sonochemistry: environmental science and engineering applications. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 40(22), 4681-4715
Bockris, J. O. M., & Reddy, A. K. (2014). Modern electrochemistry 2B: electronics in chemistry, engineering, biology and environmental science (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2018). Environmental science: earth as a living planet (No. Ed. 2). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cunningham, W. P., Cunningham, M. A., & Saigo, B. W. (2011). Environmental science: A global concern (Vol. 412). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Cunningham, W., & Cunningham, M. A. (2010). Principles of environmental science. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Kriebel, D., Tickner, J., Epstein, P., Lemons, J., Levins, R., Loechler, E. L., ... & Stoto, M. (2015). The precautionary principle in environmental science. Environmental health perspectives, 109(9), 871-876.
Gardner, G. T., & Stern, P. C. (2016). Environmental problems and human behavior. Allyn & Bacon.
Forsyth, T. (2014). Critical political ecology: the politics of environmental science. Routledge.
Miller, G. T., & Clements, R. K. (2017). Environmental science: Working with the earth. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Sarewitz, D. (2014). How science makes environmental controversies worse. Environmental science & policy, 7(5), 385-403.
