The primary purpose of the respiration system is to supply the body organs and tissues with oxygen and eliminate Carbon dioxide, a waste material from the tissues. Breathing in and out is a process, whereby the oxygen breathed in by a human being, is taken into the lungs and gets in close contact with blood which absorbs the oxygen and transported to other parts of the human body. With this process going on, the blood excretes carbon dioxide which is carried out of the lungs when breathing out. This paper will identify the nerves responsible for breathing and the muscles innervated for breathing and their functions in inspiration and expiration.
The nerve responsible for breathing is known as the phrenic nerve which originates from the spinal root referred to as C4 and also gets some contributions from C3 and C5 (Duffy, 2012). Also, the phrenic nerve gets some communication fibers from the cervical plexus. The phrenic nerve starts at anterior scalene muscle at the lateral border and continues over the surface of anterior scalene to the prevertebral layer of the cervical fascia. Phrenic nerve is divided into the right and the left side phrenic nerve. The right side phrenic nerve passes anteriorly to the subsequent part of the subclavian artery and posteriorly to the subclavian vein (Duffy, 2012). Also, it enters the thorax through the larger thoracic aperture and inclines anteriorly to the lung on the right side of the pericardium. The left phrenic nerve passes anteriorly and posteriorly to the subclavian artery and subclavian vein respectively. Also, the phrenic sensory nerve goes through the aortic arch and vagus nerve and descends to the left lung root anteriorly to the left side of the pericardium. The phrenic nerve also reaches the diaphragm and pieces it to supply the underlying surface. The motor function of the phrenic nerve is to provide the innervation of the diaphragm which is the most significant muscle of respiration (Duffy, 2012). Since the phrenic sensory nerve is two-sided, each nerve supplies sensory to the sides of the diaphragm. The sensory function is that the sensory fibers in the phrenic nerve supply sensation to the surrounding peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and mediastinal pleura.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
The primary role of the skeletal muscles is to allow the rhythmical process of breathing in oxygenated and exhale air with carbon dioxide (Russell & Matta, 2004). The function of these respirator muscles is directly related to the mechanism of the walls of the chest. Human beings have the rib cage which contains the cartilage, the bony structure, and some skeletal muscles. Breathing can often be described into two types namely quiet and fast breathing. The prime movers for quiet inspiration are the diaphragm and external intercostals. During exercise, for example, there is high demand for air which as a result the accessory muscles become recruited. Some of the muscles used in inspiration are the scalenes, upper trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid. Expiration is known to be a submissive procedure since it is observed when one is resting. However, when a human being is experiencing forced expiration, muscles which result to the thoracic cavity getting recruited. Some of the expiratory muscles are rectus abdominal and internal intercostals.
The diaphragm is the most significant muscle that contributes to inspiration (Johnson 7 Byrne, 2003). The vertebral part of the diaphragm enters in the anterolateral features, a respirator structure known as lumbar vertebrae and the ligaments referred to as aponeurotic arcuate ligaments which are the fibers entering into the xiphoid procedure of the sternum. The diaphragm is of dome shape which is a muscle located directly to the internal aspect of ribs on the lower side of the chest. During inhalation, as fibers containing muscle contract, the decrease of oxygen in the opposed area is experienced. The opposed area decreases and the dome descend which in turn increases thorax. The diaphragm muscle is innervated by the sensory nerves and rises from C3 to C5 cervical roots.
Intercostal muscles are muscles that are located in two thin layers and separated by the hormone. Aponeurotic are located in two thin layers that are divided by an uneven aponeurotic membrane since these muscles are artificial to the interior intercostals. These respiratory muscles are innervated due to the consistent thoracic spinal sensory nerves. These muscles have a collaborative action with the diaphragm when breathing. Every exterior intercostal attributes from the substandard boundary of a single rib to the greater boundary of the ribs straight to the substandard. The fibers of these intercostal muscles slope are oblique from the rib directly above to the rib underneath. Another muscle is the internal intercostals which are positioned in intercostal places and are innervated by the correspondence of the thoracic. Opposite alignment of the external intercostals is viewed in the fibers of the internal intercostal. Each interest connects to the major boundary of a single rib and with its cartilage to the smallest part of it. The most significant act of the internal intercostals is to subordinate the ribs at sternocostal joints and corticospinal joints.
This paper shows that the respiratory system comprises of many parts of the body that are very essential for breathing. The nerves are important because they provide the innervation of the diaphragm which is the most significant muscle of respiration. Also, muscles help in the breathing in and out of a human being. In inspiration, the most significant muscle is the diaphragm which is dome shaped. The internal intercostals are the muscles responsible for expiration because they connect to the major boundary of the rib cage and its cartilages.
References
Duffy, J. R. (2012). Motor speech disorders: Substrates, differential diagnosis, and management . St. Louis, Mo: Mosby.
Johnson, L. R., & Byrne, J. H. (2003). Essential medical physiology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press.
Russell, C., & Matta, B. F. (2004). Tracheostomy: A multiprofessional handbook . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Russell & Matta, 2004)
