It is vital to note that personality disorder refers to persistent series of internal behavior and feelings. The disorders usually manifest themselves through the thinking, feeling, impulse control and the interpersonal relations of the affected person (Morrison, 2014). The specific pattern, in this case, is not the same as one expected from normal person by the individual’s culture. PD is able to cause disturbances to the affected person (AMN Healthcare Education Services, 2012). It usually starts during the adolescence stage of life and continues stabilizing overtime to become advanced.
The three major PD clusters include A, B and C. The Cluster A features a group of PD where individuals show eccentric behaviors. It is important to observe that eccentric behavior is odd and not acceptable in the culture of the person. Therefore, the primary presentation of clients within this first cluster is illegitimate and odd behavior. Some of the specific PD under Cluster A group include paranoia, schizoid and schizotypal (AMN Healthcare Education Services, 2012). Paranoia entails a persistent strong pattern of distrust and suspiciousness towards other people. The people who have this paranoid PD normally show inordinately guarded behavior since they believe other people are devious, deceiving and scheming. In essence, the paranoid individuals always expect that other people will manipulate, mistreat and exploit them. Therefore, they have internal feelings such as anger, anxiety and high sense of fear as well as bewilderment. This condition unleashes a manifested behavior that is quite demanding and argumentative.
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The schizoid PD involves social detachment and quite minimal emotional expression by an individual. Such individuals do not have the interest of relating with others and building connections. They, in general, lack feelings of intimacy towards others and often feel as self-sufficient.
On the other hand, there is the schizotypal PD that involves pervasive pattern of social as well as interpersonal limitations (AMN Healthcare Education Services, 2012). In reality, individuals who have this disorder usually experience abnormal beliefs and delusions.
Class B PD includes people who have the primary presentation of dramatic emotional behaviors. The specific personal disorders in this cluster include antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic. It is vital to understand that the antisocial PD refers to the condition involving pattern of disregard for and violation of others’ rights. People with anti-social PD are always just focused on their personal gains without considering the plight of those around them. For instance, being deceitful is an antisocial PD.
The borderline PD entails patterns of instability in terms of interpersonal relationships and affects. Such people may even distort their self-image and cognition. There is also the histrionic PD, which involves excessive attention seeking. Such people always want to be the center of attention wherever they are with others. they feel unappreciated whenever this does not happen. Narcissism is a condition where one has a high sense of grandiosity and self-entitlement. People with the narcissistic PD do not have empathy.
Cluster C has the primary presentation of clients as behaviors of extreme anxiety and fear. Some of the disorders in this group include avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive. Avoidant PD is a pattern of behavior that involves feelings of social inhibition, inadequacy and high sensitivity to negative assessment from people. It is important to note that individuals who have this disorder often feel inferior to others and fear rejection. Therefore, they avoid attending places where social interaction may happen.
Dependency PD is a situation where one is used to rely on others for care. Moreover, there is the obsessive-compulsive PD where one is always preoccupied with orderliness, perfectionism and control. Such people do not have flexibility to allow for best outcomes rather than perfect results.
References
AMN Healthcare Education Services (2012). Personality Disorders: Identification, Assessment, and Interventions. RN.com. https://lms.rn.com/getpdf.php/2087.pdf .
Morrison, J. (2014). Diagnosis made easier: Principles and techniques for mental health clinicians . London: Guilford Publications.
