Discuss the definition of mental image and what are some of the current theories?
Mental images is defines as images perceived in an individual’s persons mind. Mental images exists to make reasoning and computation possible by focusing shapes and spatial arrangement of objects without visual input. Current theories of mental images include theories of visual imagery. What is the concept of photographic memory? How does it relate to cognitive processes, specifically to learning new or retrieving old material?
Photographic memory refers to reconstruction of images from memories. Photographic memory is affected by cognitive processes in both visual and non-visual aspects through cognitive biases and expectations (McBride& Cutting, 2016).. Photographic memory has been associated with perfect memory of original objects which facilitates the process of learning and retrieval of old material in a constructive and descriptive manner.
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What is universal language? How do we as humans understand one another, even if from various dialects, in an effective manner?
Universal language refers to the adoption of a common language to be used as a means of communication. Language develops from human experiences and common experiences through similar actions in the world has led to the emergence of the universal language that people can use for exchange through the formation of a foundation of understanding. Humans understand each other despite the different dialects as a result of proper interpretation of symbols and meanings. Universal language has led to a synthesis of a global culture and a set of unified values. Universal language has simplifies economic social political and psychological associations as people learn to relate and interact with each other by recognizing meanings and acting upon them (Tullis & Finley, 2018). The development of a universal language is a significant step in developing human communication and relationships
What age do we acquire language? How much is ingrained within us? How much is taught? How do we translate minor utterances to complete, cohesive sentences?
Language is acquired from early ages where infants as young as four much can decipher words and phrases. Language acquisition is fostered by social interactions where feedback and reinforcement constructs language (McBride& Cutting, 2016).Cognitive psychologists continue to study the translation form minor utterances to cohesive sentences which is usually associated with the capabilities of human brains
How do we categorize concepts in an effective, fluid manner?
Cognitive psychology views concepts as the unanalyzable building blocks of cognitive representation. They consists of prepositions that are composed of various configurations of concepts and serve to ascertain the existence of meanings in the world. Human beings categorize concepts in effective and fluid manners through learning and communication. Concepts being mental representations are stored in memory and have an intimate relationship with memory. Memory organizations is and corresponds to the meaningful relationships between concepts. Thus accumulation of meaningful concepts in our memory results in effective categorization of concepts and their functionality. Memories supply concepts with meaning which enables the use of concepts in reasoning, categorization, and memory organization (Tullis & Finley, 2018)..
How do concepts and schemas differ? How do we cognitively process these differences?
Concepts are important aspects of human communication and mental constructions. Concepts and schemas are mental constructs that help in the asserting, interpretation and understanding of the world. Concepts are the basic units of cognitive representation which consists of repositions as their configuration in asserting things of the world (Tullis & Finley, 2018).Schemas are a group of related propositions which include sequences. Concepts correlates with words while prepositions correlate with sentences. Schemas on the other hand correlates with passages. Concepts functions as a means of categorization of mental representation.
What mnemonic devices can we use to conceptualize concepts to have a long-lasting influence, meaning, and characterization at an individual and social level?
Mnemonic devices are techniques used by individuals to improve their memories. The use of mnemonic devices as memory codes to help in recalling important information’s or concepts is a technique that has been utilized over time. It involves the association of significant information with images sentences or familiar words that will trigger our memories to remember. At individual level mnemonic devices range from words specific images in an individual house or objects in close contact (McBride& Cutting, 2016). At the society level, mnemonic devices include landmarks, acronyms such as the use of ROY G BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow. The society has also utilized devices such as rhymes, organization chunking or grouping information into categories to create long lasting meanings. Imagery has been proven effective with smaller information such as remembering people’s names, neighborhoods or occupations.
References
McBride, D.M. & Cutting, J.C. (2016). Cognitive Psychology: Theory, Process, and Methodology (2nd Ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Tullis, J. G., & Finley, J. R. (2018). Self-Generated Memory Cues: Effective Tools for Learning, Training, and Remembering. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences .
