Ex-convicts find a hard time getting employment post their release from jail. Transitional service programs are developed to help ex-convicts transition smoothly from serving their time to getting back to the community while improving their post-release outcomes.
The Problem
Penal institutions across the world hold more than ten million individuals. The arguments for the values of the prisoning system are that time spent by the convicts in prison prevents crime from taking place ( Baffour , 2021; Baldry et al., 2018 ). Some researchers have noted in their studies that recidivism is high among ex-convicts. The first six months after the release of the convicts see most of them get back to their criminal ways ( Pyrooz et al., 2021; Skinner-Osei & Stepteau-Watson , 2018 ). However, the high recidivism rates cannot be explained by the drastic change in the situation and uncertainty that accompany the release.
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The research Question
To what degree is employment, and features of this employment, associated with ex- convict s’ recidivism risk six months post their release?
Research Methodology
The first step to answering the research question is to review the previous studies done on the study topic ( Niebuhr & Orrick , 2020; Ramakers et al., 2017 ). All the secondary sources published in the last five years that discuss the effects of recidivism form the criteria for the literature review selection ( Mertl , 2021 ). Both quantitative and qualitative data will be used in answering the research question. The data will be obtained from secondary sources.
Conclusion
Ex-convicts face many employment challenges post their release. In order to ensure comprehensive research, the author will rely on peer-reviewed electronic sources. The research question is based on a real-world problem and is therefore essential in contributing to the field. The author aims to make a verifiable conclusion. The success of this study relies on the accurate interpretation of data. The variables and the constructs of the research will also be spelled in the study.
References
Baffour, F. D. (2021). Recidivism: Exploring Why Inmates Re-Offend in a Prison Facility in Ghana. Victims & Offenders , 1-21.
Baldry, E., Bright, D., Cale, J., Day, A., Dowse, L., Giles, M., ... & Wodak, J. (2018). A Future Beyond the Wall: Improving Post-release Employment Outcomes for People Leaving Prison. Final Report, Sydney .
Mertl, J. (2021). Prison employment and its conflict with therapeutic and counselling programmes: The experiences of Czech prison personnel. European Journal of Criminology , 14773708211012624.
Niebuhr, N., & Orrick, E. A. (2020). Impact of employment satisfaction and stress on time to recidivism. Corrections , 5 (3), 170-187.
Pyrooz, D. C., Clark, K. J., Tostlebe, J. J., Decker, S. H., & Orrick, E. (2021). Gang affiliation and prisoner reentry: discrete-time variation in recidivism by current, former, and non-gang status. Journal of research in crime and delinquency , 58 (2), 192-234.
Ramakers, A., Nieuwbeerta, P., Van Wilsem, J., & Dirkzwager, A. (2017). Not just any job will do: A study on employment characteristics and recidivism risks after release. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology , 61 (16), 1795-1818.
Skinner-Osei, P., & Stepteau-Watson, D. (2018). A qualitative analysis of African American fathers’ struggle with reentry, recidivism, and reunification after participation in re-entry programs. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment , 28 (2), 240-255.
