Some of the types of studies conducted by Epidemiologists are Cohort Studies and In Vitro Studies.
Cohort Study is an observational study and is considered as an analytical study comparing populations similar to one another but have a difference regarding exposure to certain things like diet, sun and cigarette smoke. The factors considered are used to determine if changes or exposure to the factors mentioned above have an effect on the likelihood of contracting a disease. Cohort studies use both prospective and retrospective approaches.
In Vitro Study is an experimental study where a piece of a human or animal cell is extracted from the body for the experiment. The analysis in this study is carried out in a test tube. The study examines the chain of reactions between the cell and the type of nutrients consumed. These tests are used to know which nutrient materials can be used to prevent certain diseases or slow down their spread.
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Criteria of Causation and how it relates to exposure and a suspected risk factor
Causation shows the relationship between cause and effect. This is used to identify and link a disease with the factor that causes it. A good example is the cigarette smoke which is known to cause lung cancer. To do this one studies the composition of the factor to be considered and each factor is measured. The components are also traced through the route they taker and the cells they are in contact with once they enter the body of a human being or an animal. The reactions or the effects they cause on the cells are considered and hence basing this on the concentration one knows the overall effect the factor has both in the short run and in the long term and the extent of the effects it has on the body.
Some of the differences in causation are that it tries to link a disease with the factor contributing to it as compared to the others studies where the disease is not studied in consideration of the causes or the contributing factor rather they treat existing condition. Causation also tries to compare different factors and the diverse effects they has on the bodies as some of the factors can have a double effect on the body.
