Part One
Tornadoes are violent winds that bear the vortex destructive power, where they basically have an appearance of the funnel-shaped cloud that advances beneath the huge system of a storm. In the process of formation of tornadoes, rainstorms form in warm, wet air right on time of eastbound moving freezing fronts. These electrical storms routinely make boundless hail winds that are violent ( Gray, 2009) . Tornadoes form in the winter and in early spring seasons, where from time to time, they are connected with solid, frontal frameworks moving from the central states to the East. On occasion, impressive scenes of tornadoes happen with this kind of climate representation. A few states might be affected by various honest to goodness whirlwinds that characterize tornadoes.
Tornadoes are formed in the Central Plains during the season of spring, where electrical whirlwinds as often as could are controlled by the climatic conditions to form a along a "dryline," that separates warm, splashed air in the easterly direction from hot, dry air in the westerly direction. Tornado-passing on electrical storms may shape as the dry-line moves eastwards at night ( Trenberth, 2015) . This formation is characterized by the movement of the dry-line electrical whirlwinds that form in funnels as consistently as could. In the wake of this formation, there are as air close to the ground streams, which are considered as "upslope" rainstorms that move towards higher scene. On the off chance that other unfathomable conditions exist, these rainstorms can make tornadoes.
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Tornadoes infrequently keep running within tropical storms and whirlwinds that shift over extent. Tornadoes are most average to the next side and before the strategy for the tempest focus as it forms at the shoreline front. Regardless of the way that tornadoes form in various parts of the world, these tragic qualities of nature are experienced in the United States Eastern side of the Rocky Mountains especially in the midst of the spring and summer periods. In an ordinary year, over 800 funnel shaped clouds appear, where they are reported in the nationwide records ( Gray, 2009) . Some of these storms are violent that they result in what is considered as the tragic events in the rocky mounts of the US, where they result in over 80 deaths and more than 1500 injuries.
Such storms are reported as being catastrophic, where the government has declared the tornadoes as a national disaster, which requires proactive management systems.
A tornado is depicted as a viciously turning area of air stretching out from an electrical whirlwind to the ground ( Trenberth, 2015) . The most violent tornadoes are outfitted for colossal obliteration with wind rates of 250 mph or more. Harmed ways can be in abundance of one mile wide and 50 miles in length. It is reported that at one time a tornado in Broken Bow, Oklahoma, went on a motel sign 30 miles and dropped it in Arkansas.
The three conditions that should be present for the formation of tornadoes are the warm ocean waters, a low wind shear that is vertical, and the existence of moisture in the middle of the middle of the troposphere ( Holland, 2010) . On the other hand, measurement of the strength of a tornado involves the application of the Fujita-Pearson scale, which gives the category of the tornado according to the mph standard units. In this case, if the Fujita-Pearson scale gives the strength of the tornado is 261-318 mph; it is considered as the F6 category, where such a tornado is capable of lifting homes from their foundations. An F0 tornado has 40-72 mph wind speed, which results in minor damages, while the transcending wind speeds from 158-318 mph have special categories ranging from F1-F5, where the severity is directly proportional to the wind speed.
According to NOAA, there are no seasonal landfall predictions for hurricanes, although the disasters occur either in the active or relatively quite seasons ( Holland, 2010) . However, the tropical seasons are the worst seasons when the hurricanes occur. A tropical variation normally occurs when a group of thunderstorms is experienced under the rightful atmospheric conditions for long periods ( Holland, 2010) . On the other hand, a tropical storm is a low pressure wind system that forms in the tropical oceans as a result of the hurricane force. Consequently, a hurricane differs from the tropical storm and the tropical variation in that a hurricane is a violent wind that occurs in the tropical cyclone.
In the conventional system of naming of hurricanes, there was the application of the naming system according to the day from the Roman Catholic calendar of the liturgy for that particular day when the hurricane was experienced. For instance, the “Hurricane San Felipe” was named in relation to the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church. In the current system, hurricanes are named according to the rotational system, which makes use of the latitude and longitude or in relation to the imaginary lines on which the hurricane occurs. This system is combined with the level to which the hurricane causes, which is commonly referred to as the retired hurricane naming system. In the rotational system of naming, the first tropical year is assigned a name starting with the first letter of the alphabet ( Gray, 2009) . In the even number years the names of men are assigned to odd numbered storms while the women names are assigned to odd numbered storms in the odd number years. It is evident that there are rotational names which are currently of no use.
A typhoon is a storm that normally occurs in the off-shores of the Indian Ocean or the west of the Pacific Ocean, while cyclone is a system of winds that rotates inwards with regard to the area of low atmospheric pressure. The movement of cyclones is considered as counterclockwise with regards to the northern hemisphere or clockwise with regards to the southern hemisphere. Both typhoons and cyclones compare to the hurricanes in the sense that they all atmospheric vortices ( Holland, 2010) . It is also considered that El Nino and La Nina affect the frequency and occurrence of both the hurricanes and cyclones. This is from the fact that El Nino favors the activity of hurricanes especially in the Eastern Pacific basins, while it suppresses the strength of hurricanes and cyclones in the Atlantic basin ( Trenberth, 2015) . On the converse, La Nina suppresses the strength of hurricanes and cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Basins, while it favors the hurricane and cyclone strength in the Atlantic basin.
The predictions for the Atlantic ocean as far as the hurricane frequency is concerned in the year 2016 show that there is a near-normal hurricane season with 70% probability of 10-16 named storms, 4-8 hurricanes and 1-4 major hurricanes all of which are predicted to harbor an average of 100 mph frequency. According to NOAA, there were 12 tropical storms that occurred at the Atlantic Ocean in 2015, while the eye wall, which is a cloud free area of air that is sinking and light winds forming from 10-65 kilometer range, and is the most destructive part of the hurricane ( Gray, 2009) .
On the other hand, the media shows the cone shaped track paths for hurricanes to help the meteorological department in the study of the historical data, which might aid in the prediction of re-occurrence of the hurricane ( Trenberth, 2015) . In the event that one is in the hurricane path, there is need to vacate the place once the warning sign is alerted. The hurricanes have possible widespread aftermaths of hurricanes that can affect people in other states. These include inland flooding as a result of the weakened inland system. This flooding may result into potential hazards like epidemics, while supply of essential commodities like fuel and produce may be stalled. Overly, the worst hurricane with the highest frequency was the 2005 hurricane Katrina, which was rated category 3.
Part 2
Tornadoes
A tornado is a conversion segment of air, which falls from a rainstorm to the ground. No other climate wonder can rise up to the wrath and hazardous force of tornadoes. Tornadoes can be sufficiently hard to bring down huge edifices, leaving only the uncovered solid establishment, or lift 20-ton railroad vehicles from the tracks. A tornado would not have an obvious pipe until it gets miscellaneous items from the start ( Simmons & Sutter, 2013). The Enhanced Fujita Scale measures the quality of a tornado. Researchers do not completely determine how tornadoes can start. A guardian super cell storm is required. In addition, every tempest is distinctive. Studies recommend it needs to do with how emphatically the wind alters course with height, the level of dampness is noticeable all around, or the distinction between the temperature of the encompassing air and the temperature of the icy downdrafts originating from the tempest.
It is not a simple errand to gauge wind speed in a tornado. This is because a tornado more often than not annihilates neighborhood-measuring gear, because tornadoes exist for a brief period at non-particular, spots and disappear sooner than meteorologists can concentrate on them. Wind pace is typically measured by a gadget called an anemometer that has mugs, which twist around a vertical hub in the wind, the Beaufort wind scale rates, on a size of 1 to 12, how sturdy the wind is (Elsner & Guishard, 2014). Extreme tornadoes, nevertheless, can wreck these generally delicate gadgets. There are different techniques for measuring the speed of wind speed (counting Doppler radar), however measuring the speed of wind within a tornado is not effectively done, as tornadoes exist for a brief span. Meteorologists (climate researchers) may never determine the presence of a tornado until it has scattered, subsequent tornadoes typically keep moving for a couple of minutes and proceed for a moderately short separation.
Prior to 1971, tornadoes were not studied. In 1971, Dr. Theodore Fujita built up a strategy for classifying tornadoes by studying the level of harm they lead to and utilizing this to evaluate the wind speed. This system is known as the F-Scale or Fujita Scale; it classifies tornadoes by their evaluated wind speed, which is dictated by looking at how solid the wind more closely than not has been to develop the subsequent harm. Tornadoes are categorized into five classes, F-0 all the way to F-5. F-0 tornadoes are the less strong. F-5 tornadoes present the highest risk but are very rare (Fujita, 2015). The intensity for most tornadoes is 158–206 mph winds. Damage is high. Even well constructed edifices may be blown apart, trees deracinated, and vehicles lifted off the ground.
A microburst is a restricted segment of sinking air (downdraft) within an electrical storm and is typically not exactly or equivalent to 2.5 miles in measurement. Microbursts can bring about enormous harm at the surface, and in a few cases, can be life debilitating. There are two essential types of microbursts: 1) wet microbursts and 2) dry microbursts. Wet microbursts entail critical precipitation and are regular in the Southeast around the late spring months. A waterspout is defined as a whirling column of water and air mist. Tornadic waterspouts are tornadoes that structure over water, or move from land to water (Elsner & Guishard, 2014). They have the same attributes as land tornado. They are connected with severe storms, and are regularly accompanied by high winds and oceans, vast hail, and incessant unsafe lightning. Dry climate waterspouts in most cases shape along the dim level base of a line of creating cumulus mists. This kind of waterspout is normally connected with electrical storms.
While tornadic waterspouts grow downwards in a rainstorm, a fair climate waterspout creates on the surface of the water and works its direction upward. When the waves are not clear, a fair climate waterspout is closely developing. Fair climate waterspouts form in light wind conditions so they regularly move practically nothing. Tornadoes happen in numerous parts of the universe, such as Australia, Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. In reality, even New Zealand reports around 20 tornadoes all year round (Fujita, 2015). Two most common regions of tornadoes outside the U.S. include Bangladesh and Argentina. The highest "tornado spell" for the Southern areas is around May towards early June. Tornadoes are common in the Gulf Coast a few weeks before the spring. In the northern fields and higher Midwest, tornado spell is in June and at times July. In any case, it is critical to note that, tornadoes can happen any season and time of the year. Tornadoes can also occur during the day or night; however, majority tornadoes happen between 4:00 to 9:00 p.m.
Tornadoes can show up from any course. Most tornadoes move from southwest to upper east, or at times west to east. Some tornadoes have altered course in the course of their flow, or even backtracked. A tornado can backtrack all of a sudden, for instance, when its base is hit by outpouring winds from an electrical storm's core. Some territories of the US have a tendency to experience the effects from similar causes, for example, northwest in Minnesota or southeast in waterfront south Texas (Fujita, 2015). This is a result of an expanded recurrence of certain tornado-delivering climate frameworks, say, storms in south Texas, or northwest-stream climate frameworks in the upper Midwest. For a more precise picture of tornadoes, people have to recognize that they do not have any particular movements. Some of the things that are common with tornado occurrences include plains, rivers, and any other flat areas because majorities do not have the capacity to hit mountains. Tornadoes are apprehensive about nothing; not urban communities, not the Mississippi River, not the Rocky Mountains.
Many towns in the Europe and the United States of America have suffered heavy losses out of tornadoes. For instance, live has been lost, property destroyed, and many other adverse effects (Elsner & Guishard, 2014). Tornadoes have left many people hopeless rendering them refugees and breakage of families. Some parts around the globe experience high rates of migration because people do not feel safe anymore in places worst hit by the disaster. Tornadoes cannot be prevented but can be foreseen to reduce imminent harm. A thorough research on the topic needs to be conducted by scientists that will try to explain the causes of tornadoes. Additionally, people should be evacuated from places worst hit by tornadoes ( Simmons & Sutter, 2013). In October 1, 2015, many areas around the world did not receive a high frequency of tornadoes.
References
Elsner, J., & Guishard, M. (2014). Understanding How Climate Change Could Affect Tornadoes.
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Fujita, T. T. (2015). Their History and Their Application to Forecasting. Mesoscale Meteorology
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Gray, W. M. (2009). Hurricanes: Their formation, structure and likely role in the tropical circulation. Meteorology over the tropical oceans , 77 , 155-218.
Holland, G. J. (2010). An analytic model of the wind and pressure profiles in hurricanes. Monthly weather review , 108 (8), 1212-1218.
Simmons, K., & Sutter, D. (2013). Economic and societal impacts of tornadoes . Springer
Science & Business Media.
Trenberth, K. (2015). Uncertainty in hurricanes and global warming. Science , 308 (5729), 1753-1754.
