Task 1
Expectancy theory is a motivational theory which assumes that certain behavior is a result of conscious choices among alternatives to maximize purpose and minimize pain. This theory was developed by Professor Victor Vroom. This theory relates to employee motivation in the work environment. He argues that when employees make choices in their work, they will choose according to what benefits them most. Expectancy theory states that people’s motivation depends on expectancy, valence, and instrumentality.
Expectancy is the belief that an increase in performance will be achieved if the effort is increased; that is, it will be better if I work harder.
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Valence is the value that an individual puts upon the expected result. A person would prefer achieving the goal rather than not achieving it.
Instrumentality is the belief that a valued outcome will be attained if you perform well; that is, I will achieve something if I do a good job.
When I was young, my parents used to pay me 25 cents anytime I cleaned the house. The expectancy here was that whenever I cleaned the house daily, I would be paid cents per day. So, i had to make sure that I do it every day to achieve my target. Instrumentality here is that the more I cleaned the house, the more money I was paid. Valence here was one because every time I received the payment, i would feel satisfied. I valued the 25 cents used that I used to receive. The money that I received was the motivation that kept me cleaning the house every day; otherwise, I would have done the job or at least not every day. In this case, the reward was fifty cents, and the performance was cleaning the house.
Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality * Valence
Expectancy and effort→ performance
Instrumentality and performance→ outcome
Valence and outcome → reward
Task 2
As the manager of the day care facility, I would love to see the day care teachers feel motivated by introducing the end of the year award. Ten winners will be awarded different prizes with the ultimate prize being a one month free supply of shopping items to the best winner. The criteria for selecting the award winner will be based on the performance of the teachers. Also, the teachers will have to vote to select the best teacher of the year. I will incorporate the parents to minimize the cost of the prize.
In this case, the teachers will have to increase their efforts to perform well. This is because the winner will be based on the overall best performance. Instrumentality will be that the teachers will ensure that their performance is outstanding to win the award. In this case, the reward will be the end of the year award, and the goal will be the quality service. The three factors of expectancy theory will be high because every teacher would want to win the prize.
