Federal type government is one whose sovereignty lies with two major parts (Mayfield, 2000): The National government and the Regional governments. The designers of this form of governance had intentions of centralizing the entire system, but two significant factors made them settle on the incumbent design.
According to Norton & Company, Federalism and separation of powers (2003); the regions were well established and stable and that the natives were deeply attached to their ‘previous system.'
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The design was in such a way that a few functions were assigned to the central government, and the rest were retained by the regional states.
Separation of power, on the other hand, was distributed to three arms namely Legislature (Congress), Judiciary and the Executive (Presidency). That was to be done with such a formula that ensured that no arm becomes predominant.
The core aim that the National government was formed was to consolidate commercial aspects and have a universal playground in business. The governance bit was left to the individual States.
Separation of powers facilitated the National identity as well as preserving the already existing structures and systems of governance.
In this kind of governance, the contest is between the President and the Congress. These two arms always find themselves competing for the control of the Country’s power. The judiciary finds itself playing the role of a referee in this contest. It puts the two arms of government in check and moderates their activities through the Supreme Court. Any conflicts between the two arms are resolved by the Court. The effect of the same is that resources are collected towards a shared pool and then distributed to the respective regions. These States have the authority to use the funds as it suits their unique needs.
REFERENCES
Dale, K. & Heidi , K., (2004). “Federalism and the Separation of Powers.” Chapter 3: Federalism and the Separation of Powers | American Government, Brief 12e: W. W. Norton StudySpace , wwnorton.com/college/polisci/american-government12/brief/ch/03/outline.aspx.
Kelemen, R. (2004). The rules of federalism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press
