The severe shortage of freshwater over the last centuries threatened the sustainable development and continued to challenge human society. According to the World Economic Forum statistics, water scarcity has opted for water crises as the global risk focusing on the potential impacts (Mekonnen, & Hoekstra, 2016). Various factors such as alteration of the consumption patterns, improved living conditions and the day to day increasing population are the significant reasons for the increase of water scarcity in the world.
The contemporary studies presented the expansion of agricultural schemes and water availability as the leading constraints to water shortages various world countries. The geographical positions of many global countries based on the social and economic factors have led to water shortages at varying time scales. Brown & Matlock (2011) in their studies, coined that water consumption has a strong relationship with human health effect and thus must be evaluated to meet the human needs. The global societies are facing consequential water scarcity in given times of the year. The Freshwater shortage is a global challenge and has severely affected over 3.8 billion people who constitute of the world's population. The empirical research evidence underpins water scarcity as an economic and social undermine in many countries.
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Moreover, previous studies suggested between 4 to 6 months, 1.8 to 2.9 billion people are facing severe water problems every year and therefore, measuring water availability in the months or years will help them to identify the experience in the locality. The increase in social demands increases the rate and capacity of freshwater scarcity. Water is a primary life source not only to humans but also the ecosystem microns; maintaining the blue water footprints has been the biggest challenge and have ideally interrogated the new century (Hoekstra, Mekonnen, Chapagain, 2012). Since water is life, the government or the bodies concerned must critically determine an inward solution to sustain the future to exist and develop.
References
Brown, A., & Matlock, M. D. (2011). A review of water scarcity indices and methodologies. White paper, 106, 19.
Hoekstra, A. Y., Mekonnen, M. M., Chapagain, A. K., Mathews, R. E., & Richter, B. D. (2012). Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability. PLoS One, 7(2), e32688.
Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2016). Four billion people facing severe water scarcity. Science advances , 2 (2), e1500323.
